An apparatus may include a semiconductor chip and a fluidics assembly. The semiconductor chip has an array of wells and an array of sensors and each sensor of the array of sensors is in fluid communication with a well of the array of wells. The fluidics assembly is located on top of the semiconductor chip and is configured to deliver fluids to the semiconductor chip. The fluidics assembly includes a flow expansion chamber configured to introduce the fluids, an outlet portion configured to pipe out the fluids, and a flow chamber portion. The flow chamber portion is configured to allow the fluids to flow from the flow expansion chamber to the outlet portion and to allow the fluids to interact along the way with material in the array of wells. The flow expansion chamber has a curved wall at the top or bottom so that the height of the flow expansion chamber at the center is less than at the walls that restrict the fluids to the left and right.

Methods and apparatus for measuring analytes using large scale fet arrays

Methods and apparatus relating to FET arrays including large FET arrays for monitoring chemical and/or biological reactions such as nucleic acid sequencing-by-synthesis reactions. Some methods provided herein relate to improving signal (and also signal to noise ratio) from released hydrogen ions during nucleic acid sequencing reactions.

Methods and apparatus for measuring analytes

Microelectrode arrays and microprobes have been widely utilized to measure neuronal activity, both in vitro and in vivo. The key advantage is the capability to record and stimulate neurons at multiple sites simultaneously. However, unlike the single-cell or single-channel resolution of intracellular recording, microelectrodes detect signals from all possible sources around the sensor. Here, we review the current understanding of microelectrode signals and the techniques for analyzing them. We introduce the ongoing advancements in microelectrode technology, with focus on achieving higher resolution and quality of recordings by means of monolithic integration with on-chip circuitry. We show how recent advanced microelectrode array measurement methods facilitate the understanding of single neurons as well as network function.

/pdf/revealing-neuronal-function-through-microelectrode-array-58c7v2fxfm.pdf

Revealing neuronal function through microelectrode array recordings

BioMEMS/NEMS appliance biologically monitors an individual, using biosensors to detect cellular components. Data is simulated or analyzed using systems-biology software, which provides diagnostic or therapeutic guidance.

Integrated biosensor and simulation system for diagnosis and therapy

Sensor arrays are a key tool in the field of neuroscience for noninvasive recording of the activity of biological networks, such as dissociated neurons or neural tissue. A high-density sensor array complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor chip is presented with 16 K pixels, a frame rate of 2 kiloframes per second, and a pitch of 7.8 m 7.8 m for imaging of neural activity. The related circuit and system issues as well as process aspects are discussed. A mismatch-canceling calibration circuitry with current mode signal representation is used. Results from first biological experiments are presented, which prove full functionality of the chip.

A 128 × 128 CMOS bio-sensor array for extracellular recording of neural activity

Sensor arrays are a key tool in the field of neuroscience for noninvasive recording of the activity of biological networks, such as dissociated neurons or neural tissue. A high-density sensor array complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor chip is presented with 16 K pixels, a frame rate of 2 kiloframes per second, and a pitch of 7.8 /spl mu/m /spl times/ 7.8 /spl mu/m for imaging of neural activity. The related circuit and system issues as well as process aspects are discussed. A mismatch-canceling calibration circuitry with current mode signal representation is used. Results from first biological experiments are presented, which prove full functionality of the chip.

A 128 /spl times/ 128 CMOS bio-sensor array for extracellular recording of neural activity

A CMOS-compatible process is presented which allows to realize sensor arrays for non-invasive, extracellular, high density, long term recording of neural activity. A high-permittivity biocompatible dielectric is used to capacitively couple nerve cell-induced biological signals to the CMOS circuitry-based electronic world. The transducer consists of a multi layer of TiO/sub 2/ and ZrO/sub 2/ and is fabricated in the backend of a 0.5 /spl mu/m standard CMOS technology. Living cells are cultured within a specific package on top of the sensor chip. First measurements reveal proper operation of the chip.

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alexander_Frey3/publication/4050131_Technology_aspects_of_a_CMOS_neuro-sensor_Back_end_process_and_packaging/links/55a773cb08aea2222c7453e5.pdf

R. Gabl

Papers

A 128 × 128 CMOS bio-sensor array for extracellular recording of neural activity

A 128 /spl times/ 128 CMOS bio-sensor array for extracellular recording of neural activity

Technology aspects of a CMOS neuro-sensor: back end process and packaging