Photoinduced reactivity of titanium dioxide

The lithium metal battery is strongly considered to be one of the most promising candidates for high-energy-density energy storage devices in our modern and technology-based society. However, uncontrollable lithium dendrite growth induces poor cycling efficiency and severe safety concerns, dragging lithium metal batteries out of practical applications. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the lithium metal anode and its dendritic lithium growth. First, the working principles and technical challenges of a lithium metal anode are underscored. Specific attention is paid to the mechanistic understandings and quantitative models for solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, lithium dendrite nucleation, and growth. On the basis of previous theoretical understanding and analysis, recently proposed strategies to suppress dendrite growth of lithium metal anode and some other metal anodes are reviewed. A section dedicated to the potential of full-cell lithium metal batteries for practical applicatio...

Toward Safe Lithium Metal Anode in Rechargeable Batteries: A Review.

Energy-storage technologies, including electrical double-layer capacitors and rechargeable batteries, have attracted significant attention for applications in portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, bulk electricity storage at power stations, and “load leveling” of renewable sources, such as solar energy and wind power. Transforming lithium batteries and electric double-layer capacitors requires a step change in the science underpinning these devices, including the discovery of new materials, new electrochemistry, and an increased understanding of the processes on which the devices depend. The Review will consider some of the current scientific issues underpinning lithium batteries and electric double-layer capacitors.

Challenges Facing Lithium Batteries and Electrical Double‐Layer Capacitors

In this review the phenomenon of proton conductivity in materials and the elements of proton conduction mechanismsproton transfer, structural reorganization and diffusional motion of extended moietiesare discussed with special emphasis on proton chemistry. This is characterized by a strong proton localization within the valence electron density of electronegative species (e.g., oxygen, nitrogen) and self-localization effects due to solvent interactions which allows for significant proton diffusivities only when assisted by the dynamics of the proton environment in Grotthuss and vehicle type mechanisms. In systems with high proton density, proton/proton interactions lead to proton ordering below first-order phase transition rather than to coherent proton transfers along extended hydrogen-bond chains as is frequently suggested in textbooks of physical chemistry. There is no indication for significant proton tunneling in fast proton conduction phenomena for which almost barrierless proton transfer is suggest...

Proton Conductivity: Materials and Applications

Rechargeable Li–S batteries have received ever-increasing attention recently due to their high theoretical specific energy density, which is 3 to 5 times higher than that of Li ion batteries based on intercalation reactions. Li–S batteries may represent a next-generation energy storage system, particularly for large scale applications. The obstacles to realize this high energy density mainly include high internal resistance, self-discharge and rapid capacity fading on cycling. These challenges can be met to a large degree by designing novel sulfur electrodes with “smart” nanostructures. This highlight provides an overview of major developments of positive electrodes based on this concept.

Advances in Li–S batteries

Superionic conduction in Li2S - P2S5 - LiI - glasses

Ionic conductivity of and phase transition in lithium thiophosphate Li3PS4

Vibrational properties of and short range order in superionic glasses AgPO3−AgX (X = I, Br, Cl)

Potentiometry, electrophoresis, and radiotracer technique have been used to study the charge density in different parts of the double layer at the TiO/sub 2/-electrolyte interface for powder samples supporting 0.5-10 wt % platinum as particles of homogeneous size (ca. 2 nm diameter). Less positive charge densities were measured by potentiometry for increasing Pt content; the value of point of zero charge decreases accordingly. More negative electrophoretic mobilities were found for the metal-loaded samples from pH 3 to pH approx.8; as a result the value of the point of zero zeta potential decreases with increasing Pt content. From a comparison between the surface charge density, the charge density of the diffuse part of the double layer, and the charge density of the counterions (determined from adsorption isotherms of labeled Na/sup +/ and Cl/sup -/ ions for TiO/sub 2/ and 10 wt % Pt/TiO/sub 2/), it is deduced that a part of the Cl/sup -/ ions form neutral adsorbed species at the Pt surface. Therefore, the changes observed in potentiometric titrations and electrophoretic mobilities are attributed to an increase in TiO/sub 2/ acidity induced by the Pt particles, which reflects the decreased TiO/sub 2/ electron density.

Study of the effect of deposited platinum particles on the surface charge of titania aqueous suspensions by potentiometry, electrophoresis, and labeled-ion adsorption

R. Mercier

Papers

Superionic conduction in Li2S - P2S5 - LiI - glasses

Ionic conductivity of and phase transition in lithium thiophosphate Li3PS4

Vibrational properties of and short range order in superionic glasses AgPO3−AgX (X = I, Br, Cl)

Study of the effect of deposited platinum particles on the surface charge of titania aqueous suspensions by potentiometry, electrophoresis, and labeled-ion adsorption

Synthese, structure cristalline et analyse vibrationnelle de l'hexathiohypodiphosphate de lithium Li4P2S6