Energy storage technologies and real life applications – A state of the art review

Researches on the nanofluids have been increased very rapidly over the past decade. In spite of some inconsistency in the reported results and insufficient understanding of the mechanism of the heat transfer in nanofluids, it has been emerged as a promising heat transfer fluid. In the continuation of nanofluids research, the researchers have also tried to use hybrid nanofluid recently, which is engineered by suspending dissimilar nanoparticles either in mixture or composite form. The idea of using hybrid nanofluids is to further improvement of heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics by trade-off between advantages and disadvantages of individual suspension, attributed to good aspect ratio, better thermal network and synergistic effect of nanomaterials. This review summarizes recent researches on synthesis, thermophysical properties, heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics, possible applications and challenges of hybrid nanofluids. Review showed that proper hybridization may make the hybrid nanofluids very promising for heat transfer enhancement, however, lot of research works is still needed in the fields of preparation and stability, characterization and applications to overcome the challenges.

A review on hybrid nanofluids: Recent research, development and applications

Achieving better energy-efficient air conditioning - A review of technologies and strategies

Thermal energy storage (TES) is a technology that stocks thermal energy by heating or cooling a storage medium so that the stored energy can be used at a later time for heating and cooling applications and power generation TES systems are used particularly in buildings and in industrial processes This paper is focused on TES technologies that provide a way of valorizing solar heat and reducing the energy demand of buildings The principles of several energy storage methods and calculation of storage capacities are described Sensible heat storage technologies, including water tank, underground, and packed-bed storage methods, are briefly reviewed Additionally, latent-heat storage systems associated with phase-change materials for use in solar heating/cooling of buildings, solar water heating, heat-pump systems, and concentrating solar power plants as well as thermo-chemical storage are discussed Finally, cool thermal energy storage is also briefly reviewed and outstanding information on the performance and costs of TES systems are included

A Comprehensive Review of Thermal Energy Storage

Various types of solid–liquid phase change materials (PCMs) have been reviewed for thermal energy storage applications. The review has shown that organic solid–liquid PCMs have much more advantages and capabilities than inorganic PCMs but do possess low thermal conductivity and density as well as being flammable. Inorganic PCMs possess higher heat storage capacities and conductivities, cheaper and readily available as well as being non-flammable, but do experience supercooling and phase segregation problems during phase change process. The review has also shown that eutectic PCMs have unique advantage since their melting points can be adjusted. In addition, they have relatively high thermal conductivity and density but they possess low latent and specific heat capacities. Encapsulation technologies and shell materials have also been examined and limitations established. The morphology of particles was identified as a key influencing factor on the thermal and chemical stability and the mechanical strength of encapsulated PCMs. In general, in-situ polymerization method appears to offer the best technological approach in terms of encapsulation efficiency and structural integrity of core material. There is however the need for the development of enhancement methods and standardization of testing procedures for microencapsulated PCMs.

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Review of solid–liquid phase change materials and their encapsulation technologies

Experimental investigation on convective heat transfer and rheological characteristics of Cu–TiO2 hybrid nanofluids

Energy management in buildings is indispensable which would control the energy use as well as the cost involved while maintaining comfort conditions and requirements in indoor environments. Energy management is intensely coupled with energy efficiency and increasing of which would provide a cost-effective pathway for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In recent years, the magnitude of energy consumption in buildings seems to crest from the normal demand and that has to be carefully addressed through implementing energy conservative and energy management techniques. In the class of having several energy efficient schemes, thermal energy storage (TES) technologies for buildings are increasingly attractive among architects and engineers. In the scenario of growing energy demand worldwide, the possibility of improving the energy efficiency of TES systems can be achieved from break-through research efforts. The prime intention of this paper is to review the potential research studies pertaining to a variety of latent heat energy storage (LHES) and cool thermal energy storage (CTES) systems solely dedicated for building heating, cooling and air conditioning (A/C) applications. Technical revelations regarding the integration and performance evaluation of heat storage materials in building fabric elements as well as using separate heat storage facility to satisfy the space thermal load demand have been gleaned from numerous research contributions and presented. Emphasis is also given on advanced heat storage materials produced using micro and nanoparticles to realize their improved heat transfer characteristics which would eventually enhance the overall performance of these TES systems. Furthermore, the sustainable aspects of these TES systems to gain the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) credentials for low carbon/high performance buildings are signified.

Sustainable thermal energy storage technologies for buildings: A review

PCM-mortar based construction materials for energy efficient buildings: A review on research trends

This study investigates the thermal properties of new silver nano-based organic ester (SNOE) phase-change material (PCM) in terms of latent heat capacity, thermal conductivity and heat storage and release capabilities experimentally Spherical-shaped surface-functionalized crystalline silver nanoparticles (AgNP) prepared were embedded in mass proportions of 01 through 50 wt% into the pure (base) PCM Experimental results reveal that dispersion of AgNP into PCM was effective, only physical and no chemical interaction between AgNP and PCM has been exhibited; thereby phase-change temperature of SNOE PCMs were acceptable These are essential characteristics for SNOE PCMs which signified their thermal and chemical stability on long term Test results suggest that while compared to pure PCM, degree of supercooling was reduced by 117–68 % for aforesaid mass proportions of AgNP, whereas latent heat capacities decreased by 788 % in freezing and 891 % in melting The interdependencies between thermophysical properties in improving nucleation and growth rate of stable SNOE PCM crystals were signified and discussed Thermal conductivity of SNOE PCMs were enhanced from 0284 to 0765 W m−1 K−1 which was expected to be a 10–67 % increase for the above mass loading of AgNP Furthermore, for SNOE PCMs enhancement span in freezing and melting cycles was improved by 41 and 456 %, respectively Similarly, cooling and melting times were reduced by 308 and 113 %, respectively Embedded AgNP helps to achieve improved thermophysical and heat storage characteristics for SNOE PCMs, which in turn can be considered as a potential candidate for cool thermal energy storage applications

R. Parameshwaran

Papers

Experimental investigation on convective heat transfer and rheological characteristics of Cu–TiO2 hybrid nanofluids

Sustainable thermal energy storage technologies for buildings: A review

PCM-mortar based construction materials for energy efficient buildings: A review on research trends

Study on thermal properties of organic ester phase-change material embedded with silver nanoparticles

Analytical and experimental investigations of nanoparticles embedded phase change materials for cooling application in modern buildings