http://szseminar.asu.edu/readings/EPSL_Schmidt_1998.pdf

Experimentally based water budgets for dehydrating slabs and consequences for arc magma generation

Precambrian geology of China

Phanerozoic tectonics of the South China Block: Key observations and controversies

Stable isotope geochemistry of ultrahigh pressure metamorphic rocks from the Dabie–Sulu orogen in China: implications for geodynamics and fluid regime

Inflammation, fracture and bone repair

Ultrahigh-pressure minerals and metamorphic terranes – The view from China

Chapter 2. HIGH-PRESSURE MINERALS FROM DEEPLY SUBDUCTED METAMORPHIC ROCKS

Convergent plate motion at ∼320–210 Ma generated the Tongbai-Dabie-Sulu (east-central China)-Imjingang-Gyeonggi (central Korea)-Renge-Suo (Southwestern Japan)-Sikhote-Alin orogen along the paleo-Pacific edge of cratonal Asia. This amalgamated belt reflects collision between the Sino-Korean and Yangtze cratons on the SW portion, and accretion of outboard oceanic arcs ± sialic fragments against the NE margin. Subducted Proterozoic-Paleozoic continental and oceanic crustal complexes underwent high- and ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism at low to moderate temperatures. Tectonic slices of sialic crust episodically disengaged from the downgoing plate and, driven by buoyancy, ascended rapidly to midcrustal levels from depths exceeding 90–200 km after continental collision in east-central China plus or minus Korea, and from ∼30–50 km after arrival of far-traveled oceanic terranes in SW Japan and the Russian Far East. On achieving neutral buoyancy and stalling out at 10–20 km depth, later doming, gravitation...

Permo-Triassic Collision, Subduction-Zone Metamorphism, and Tectonic Exhumation Along the East Asian Continental Margin

Majorand trace-element data on the constituent minerals of garnet peridotite xenoliths hosted in early Paleozoic (457–500Ma) kimberlites and Neogene (16–18Ma) volcanic rocks within the North China Craton are compared with those from the pre-pilot hole of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project (CCSD-PP1) in the tectonically exhumed Triassic ( 220Ma) Sulu ultrahighpressure (UHP) terrane along its southern margin P–T estimates for the Paleozoic and Neogene peridotite xenoliths reflect different model geotherms corresponding to surface heat flows of 40mW/m (Paleozoic) and 80mW/m (Neogene) Garnet peridotite xenoliths or xenocrysts from the Paleozoic kimberlites are strongly depleted, similar to peridotites from other areas of cratonic mantle, with magnesium olivine (mean Fo927), Cr-rich garnet and clinopyroxene with high La/Yb Garnet (and spinel) peridotite xenoliths hosted in Neogene basalts are derived from fertile mantle; they have high Al2O3 and TiO2 contents, low-Mg-number olivine (mean Fo895), low-Cr garnet and diopside with flat rare earth element (REE) patterns The differences between the Paleozoic and Neogene xenoliths suggest that a buoyant refractory lithospheric keel present beneath the eastern North China Craton in Paleozoic times was at least partly replaced by younger, hotter and more fertile lithospheric mantle during Mesozoic– Cenozoic times Garnet peridotites from the Sulu UHP terrane have less magnesian olivine (Fo915), and lower-Cr garnet than the Paleozoic xenoliths The diopsides have low heavy REE (HREE) contents and sinusoidal to light REE (LREE)-enriched REE patterns These features, and their high Mg/Si and low CaO and Al2O3 contents, indicate that the CCSD-PP1 peridotites represent a moderately refractory mantle protolith Details of mineral chemistry indicate that this protolith experienced complex metasomatism by asthenosphere-derived melts or fluids in Mesoproterozoic, and subsolidus re-equilibration involving fluids/melts derived from the subducted Yangtze continental crust during UHP metamorphism in the early Mesozoic Tectonic extension of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle of the North China Craton and exhumation of the Sulu UHP rocks in the early Mesozoic induced upwelling of the asthenosphere Peridotites sampled by the Neogene basalts represent newly formed lithosphere derived by cooling of the upwelling asthenospheric mantle in Jurassic–Cretaceous and Paleogene time JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY VOLUME 47 NUMBER 11 PAGES 2233–2256 2006 doi:101093/petrology/egl042

/pdf/mineral-chemistry-of-peridotites-from-paleozoic-mesozoic-and-krixlnjs86.pdf

Mineral Chemistry of Peridotites from Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic Lithosphere: Constraints on Mantle Evolution beneath Eastern China

Bone formation and remodeling are influenced by the inflammatory state of the local microenvironment. In this regard, macrophages are postulated to play a crucial role in modulating osteogenesis. However, the differential effects of macrophage subsets and their plasticity on bone formation are currently unknown. Polarized primary murine macrophages and preosteoblastic MC3T3 cells were co-cultured to investigate the effect of non-activated M0, pro-inflammatory M1, and tissue-regenerative M2 macrophages on the osteogenic ability of MC3T3-E1 cells in vitro. Furthermore, to model the physiological transition from inflammation to tissue regeneration, M1-MC3T3 co-cultures were treated with interleukin-4 (IL-4) at different time points to modulate the M1 phenotype towards M2. Macrophage phenotypic markers were assessed by flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A time course study of osteogenic markers at different time points was conducted: alkaline phosphatase (ALP) mRNA levels were evaluated at week 1, ALP activity and osteocalcin and osteopontin mRNA levels at week 2, and matrix mineralization and osteocalcin and osteopontin protein concentrations at week 3. Supernatant collected 72 hours after seeding or IL-4 treatment, whichever was later, was analyzed for oncostatin M, a cytokine released by macrophages that has been recognized to enhance osteogenesis. Unpaired t test or one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s or Dunnett’s post hoc tests were used for statistical comparison of the groups. Co-culture with any of the macrophage subtypes increased the osteogenic ability of MC3T3 cells as indicated by increases in ALP activity and matrix mineralization. Increased ALP activity, osteocalcin concentration, and matrix mineralization demonstrated that osteogenesis by M1-MC3T3 co-cultures was further enhanced by macrophage phenotype modulation to M2 via IL-4 treatment 72 hours after seeding. Increased oncostatin M protein concentration in untreated M1-MC3T3 co-cultures and M1-MC3T3 co-cultures treated with IL-4 at 72 hours correlated with greater ALP activity and matrix mineralization. These results suggest that a transient inflammatory phase is crucial for enhanced bone formation. Macrophage plasticity may offer new strategies for modulating the local inflammatory microenvironment with the aim of potentially enhancing bone repair.

/pdf/the-effects-of-immunomodulation-by-macrophage-subsets-on-3be98g43w7.pdf

R. Y. Zhang

Papers

Ultrahigh-pressure minerals and metamorphic terranes – The view from China

Chapter 2. HIGH-PRESSURE MINERALS FROM DEEPLY SUBDUCTED METAMORPHIC ROCKS

Permo-Triassic Collision, Subduction-Zone Metamorphism, and Tectonic Exhumation Along the East Asian Continental Margin

Mineral Chemistry of Peridotites from Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic Lithosphere: Constraints on Mantle Evolution beneath Eastern China

The effects of immunomodulation by macrophage subsets on osteogenesis in vitro