Annual Energy Outlook

From the conventional use of biomass in the form of heating to the modern day use of biomass in the form of electricity generation and biofuel production, biomass has always been part of the evolution of mankind Modern day use of biomass is gradually becoming more complex, and engineering played an important role in defining different directions This review provides an overall view of biomass utilization through thermal treatment including combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification Efficient use of biomass with the desired output and minimizing the drawbacks are the core of the research, and marginal focus is being held on developing new techniques The variety of composition and uptake of different elements throughout the lifespan of biomass produces a mixture of results In general, it can be seen that the optimization was observed either in the form of chemical looping combustion to prevent greenhouse gas emission or in upgrading of bio-oil to produce biofuels The significant factor is the reaction co

A Combined Overview of Combustion, Pyrolysis, and Gasification of Biomass

Applications of rice husk ash as green and sustainable biomass

The incineration of agricultural wastes (agro wastes) as a fuel, solid fuel, and/or for the same purposes, resulting in landfilled ash that in most cases makes an environmental problem due to disposal. These landfilled most of the time contain valuable elements such as silica and alumina which are promising alternatives to be used in value-added engineering products. With this regard, the optimal use of these wastes has always been a concern for researchers, and the utilization of them for different purposes is an effective way of management. Although in recent years, the beneficial use of agro waste ashes has been considered by many researchers in different engineering fields, according to the preparation conditions and activation techniques, different kinds of ashes are produces. Therefore, according to the composition of final product, various applications are considered including wastewater treatment, additive for cement industry, and alkali-activated materials, as an additive for production of glass, silicate, pure silica, silicon carbide, refractory materials, as filler in thermoplastics and rubbers, reinforcing agent, and adsorbent in polymer composites and epoxy thermostable polymers, for producing advanced materials such as Silicon nitrite (Si3N4) and magnesium silicide (Mg2Si), and many more. The present paper surveys the preparation steps and techniques for activation of rice husk ash as one of the most used agro waste ash and its applications in engineering fields.

Agricultural wastes preparation, management, and applications in civil engineering: a review

Correlation between physical and chemical properties of wood biomass ash and cement composites performances

While the incineration of biomass residues is gaining traction as a globally available source of renewable energy, the resulting ash is often landfilled, resulting in the disposal of what could otherwise be used in value-added products. This research focuses on the beneficial use of predominantly rice husk and sugarcane bagasse-based mixed biomass ashes, obtained from two paper mills in northern India. A cementitious binder was formulated from biomass ash, clay, and hydrated lime (70:20:10 by mass, respectively) using 2M NaOH solution at a liquid-to-solid mass ratio of 0.40. Compressive strength of the biomass ash binder increased linearly with compaction pressure, indicating the role of packing density. Between the two mixed biomass ashes used in this study, the one with higher amorphous content resulted in a binder with higher strength and denser reaction product. Multi-faceted characterization of the biomass ash binder indicated the presence of aluminum-substituted calcium silicate hydrate, mainly derived from the pozzolanic reaction.

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Mineralogical and microstructural characterization of biomass ash binder

Abstract Intermediate to low stacking fault energy (SFE) high entropy alloys (HEA) have shown an excellent combination of strength and ductility as a result of deformation twinning and martensite transformation. However, even in the absence of these mechanisms HEA can show a good strength-ductility combination, as is the case with non-equiatomic (Fe 40.4 Ni 11.3 Mn 34.8 Al 7.5 Cr 6 )C 1.1 . The room temperature mechanical behavior of this alloy has been associated with Taylor lattice and microband formation. The current research focuses on tensile cryogenic deformation of this alloy and investigates if these features and/or alternate mechanisms like deformation twinning are obtained. Surprisingly, it is not one or the other but both deformation twinning and microband formation that are observed during cryogenic deformation. The activation of both deformation mechanisms is a combination that is not often reported as the former is generally associated with intermediate to low SFE alloys and the latter with intermediate to high SFE alloys. The activation of twinning in (Fe 40.4 Ni 11.3 Mn 34.8 Al 7.5 Cr 6 )C 1.1 is attributed to the high yield stress-temperature variation, as a result of solid solution strengthening being far greater than in other commonly researched compositionally complex alloys. A ductility retention down to 4 K was observed, while simultaneously showing a significant increase in flow stress. Despite the intermediate to high SFE deformation behavior, (Fe 40.4 Ni 11.3 Mn 34.8 Al 7.5 Cr 6 )C 1.1 exhibits excellent cryogenic strength-ductility combination. 

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Rachel Osmundsen

Papers

Mineralogical and microstructural characterization of biomass ash binder

Simultaneous Twinning and Microband-Induced Plasticity of a Compositionally Complex Alloy with Interstitial Carbon at Cryogenic Temperatures

The annihilation of antiphase boundary tubes and their effect on strengthening in Ni3Al