Showing papers by "Rainer Banse published in 2001"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report the results from a study conducted in nine countries in Europe, the United States, and Asia on vocal emotion portrayals of anger, sadness, fear, joy, and neutral voice as produced by professional German actors.
Abstract: Whereas the perception of emotion from facial expression has been extensively studied cross-culturally, little is known about judges’ ability to infer emotion from vocal cues. This article reports the results from a study conducted in nine countries in Europe, the United States, and Asia on vocal emotion portrayals of anger, sadness, fear, joy, and neutral voice as produced by professional German actors. Data show an overall accuracy of 66% across all emotions and countries. Although accuracy was substantially better than chance, there were sizable differences ranging from 74% in Germany to 52% in Indonesia. However, patterns of confusion were very similar across all countries. These data suggest the existence of similar inference rules from vocal expression across cultures. Generally, accuracy decreased with increasing language dissimilarity from German in spite of the use of language-free speech samples. It is concluded that culture- and language-specific paralinguistic patterns may influence the decodi...
663 citations
TL;DR: Two experiments were conducted to investigate the psychometric properties of an Implicit Association Test that was adapted to measure implicit attitudes towards homosexuality, and it was shown that uninformed participants were able to fake positive explicit but not implicit attitudes.
Abstract: Two experiments were conducted to investigate the psychometric properties of an Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) that was adapted to measure implicit attitudes towards homosexuality. In a first experiment, the validity of the Homosexuality-IAT was tested using a known group approach. Implicit and explicit attitudes were assessed in heterosexual and homosexual men and women (N = 101). The results provided compelling evidence for the convergent and discriminant validity of the Homosexuality-IAT as a measure of implicit attitudes. No evidence was found for two alternative explanations of IAT effects (familiarity with stimulus material and stereotype knowledge). The internal consistency of IAT scores was satisfactory (alpha s > .80), but retest correlations were lower. In a second experiment (N = 79) it was shown that uninformed participants were able to fake positive explicit but not implicit attitudes. Discrepancies between implicit and explicit attitudes towards homosexuality could be partially accounted for by individual differences in the motivation to control prejudiced behavior, thus providing independent evidence for the validity of the implicit attitude measure. Neither explicit nor implicit attitudes could be changed by persuasive messages. The results of both experiments are interpreted as evidence for a single construct account of implicit and explicit attitudes towards homosexuality.
458 citations
TL;DR: This article investigated whether the affective priming paradigm from Fazio, Sanbonmatsu, Powell, and Kardes (1986) can be used as an implicit measure of person schemata.
Abstract: The present research investigated whether the affective priming paradigm from Fazio, Sanbonmatsu, Powell, and Kardes (1986) can be used as an implicit measure of person schemata Names and faces of friends or romantic partners and of a disliked person were used as primes It was explored whether: (1) stimuli relating to liked and disliked persons elicit congruency priming effects similar to those reported for words; (2) masked and unmasked priming procedures had similar effects; and (3) whether individual differences in the implicit measure were related to explicit measures of relationship quality For clearly visible primes the expected congruence priming effects were found across names and faces For marginally visible primes, however, unexpected reverse priming effects were observed for the disliked person In a second experiment, a confound of the familiarity and evaluation of the significant other primes was removed Now a reverse priming effect could be demonstrated for masked primes in both liked a
106 citations
01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: Three years ago, Greenwald, McGhee, and Schwartz (1998) presented a new method to measure differential evaluative association of two target concepts: the Implicit Association Test (IAT), and the processes underlying IAT-effects, as well as the psychometric properties of specific IAT -variants, have received relatively little attention up to now.
Abstract: Three years ago, Greenwald, McGhee, and Schwartz (1998) presented a new method to measure differential evaluative association of two target concepts: the Implicit Association Test (IAT). It has been asserted that the IAT allows for the assessment of implicit attitudes by comparing response times in two combined discrimination tasks. Although the distribution and employment of this method has been quite successful, the processes underlying IAT-effects, as well as the psychometric properties of specific IAT-variants, have received relatively little attention up to now. The articles included in the present special issue especially focus on these aspects.
19 citations
TL;DR: The Implicit Association Test (IAT) as discussed by the authors has been used to measure differential evaluative association of two target concepts: implicit association and implicit association test (IA test).
Abstract: . Three years ago, Greenwald, McGhee, and Schwartz (1998) presented a new method to measure differential evaluative association of two target concepts: the Implicit Association Test (IAT). ...
9 citations