There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

Structure and nanostructure in ionic liquids.

Poly(lactic acid)-Mass production, processing, industrial applications, and end of life.

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The present and future of nanotechnology in human health care

The thermal and physicochemical properties of protic ionic liquids (PILs) are reported. It is highly evident that there has been an extensive range of alkylammonium, imidazolium, and heterocyclic cations paired with many organic and inorganic anions that have been employed to prepare PILs. There has been strong interest in modifying the properties of PILs through the addition of water or other molecular solvents. For many applications, the presence of some water in the PILs is not detrimental, and instead leads to enhanced solvent properties such as lower viscosity, higher conductivities, and lower melting points. It remains an issue of definition though of how to refer to these resulting protic solutions. There is also an ongoing difficulty surrounding how to describe the proton activity in the PILs, analogous to pH in aqueous systems. For a broad range of applications, it has been reported that the acidity/basicity of the PIL or PIL-solvent system is crucial for their beneficial properties. It is expected that the fundamental properties of PILs will continue to be explored, along with continued interest in many existing and new applications, such as in electrochemistry, organic and inorganic synthesis, and biological applications. In particular, there has been a significant interest in a broad- range of PILs for use as electrolytes and incorporation in polymer electrolytes for fuel cells, and other energy storage devices.

Protic Ionic Liquids: Evolving Structure–Property Relationships and Expanding Applications

We herein report a green and efficient ammonium chloride catalyzed four component condensation of aldehyde,
malononitrile, hydrazine hydrate and ethyl acetoacetate in aqueous medium to synthesize pyranopyrazoles. This
method follows the principle of green chemistry by using environmentally benign synthetic method along with use of
cost effective catalyst and green reaction medium.

Green and efficient synthesis of pyranopyrazoles catalyzed by ammoniumchloride in water

A variety of ortho-hydroxy substituted aromatic carbonyl compounds were regioselectively iodinated with iodine and iodic acid in excellent yields.

Iodine and Iodic Acid: An Efficient Reagent Combination for Iodination of Aryl Hydroxy Ketones.

The important and interesting roles of Schiff bases are an intermediate in the biologically important transmutation reaction. Heterocyclic Schiff bases have been reported as antibacterial and antifungal activities. They were synthesized by different methods by the condensation between primary amines and aldehyde or ketones. From literature survey, it was cleared that many work on Schiff bases is going on. But each work is only concerns with conventional method and grinding method. But very few reports were observed on synthesis of Schiff bases by green approach. Therefore, in present work some Schiff bases were prepared with help of aromatic primary amines and highly substituted aromatic aldehydes in methanol and in presence of Ni (NO3)2.6H2O as catalyst at room temperature.

FACILE AND EFFICIENT METHOD FOR PREPARATION OF SCHIFF BASES CATALYZED BY Ni (NO3)2.6H2O UNDER ROOM TEMPERATURE

The copper nanoparticles grafted on carbon microsphere is employed for an efficient one-pot three-component synthesis of spirooxoindole derivatives involving isatin, malononitrile and enolizable ketones such as 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one, 3-methyl-1-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-pyrazoline 5-one, 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-pyrone and 1-methyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-2-one. The cheap starting material, easy separation, high catalytic efficiency and reusability of the catalyst for several times without loss of its efficiency, good yield of products and simple workup are promising features of the reaction in 1:1 (v/v) aqueous-alcoholic medium.

A one pot three-component synthesis of spirooxoindoles using Cu-nanoparticles grafted on carbon microspheres as catalyst

Nano‐particulate aluminium nitride/Al (7:1) is reported as a new heterogeneous solid acid catalyst for the synthesis of 3, 4‐dihydroxypyrimidi‐2‐(1H)‐ones and their sulphur analogues using the Biginelli reaction. This method involves short reaction time, easy separation, high yields and purity of products.

Rajendra P. Pawar

Papers

Green and efficient synthesis of pyranopyrazoles catalyzed by ammoniumchloride in water

Iodine and Iodic Acid: An Efficient Reagent Combination for Iodination of Aryl Hydroxy Ketones.

FACILE AND EFFICIENT METHOD FOR PREPARATION OF SCHIFF BASES CATALYZED BY Ni (NO3)2.6H2O UNDER ROOM TEMPERATURE

A one pot three-component synthesis of spirooxoindoles using Cu-nanoparticles grafted on carbon microspheres as catalyst

Nano‐particulate Aluminium Nitride/Al: An Efficient and Versatile Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of Biginelli Scaffolds