Showing papers by "Rajesh Kumar published in 1994"

Brief report: inhibition of renal phosphate transport by a tumor product in a patient with oncogenic osteomalacia.

Abstract: In tumor-induced osteomalacia, a rare syndrome characterized by hypophosphatemia, hyperphosphaturia, low plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations, and osteomalacia,1–5 all biochemical and pathological abnormalities disappear when the tumor is removed. Tumors associated with this syndrome are thought to secrete a substance that inhibits the renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate,1–5 but whether this factor interacts directly with renal tubular cells is not known. We investigated the ability of medium in which sclerosing hemangioma cells from a patient with oncogenic osteomalacia were cultured to alter sodium-dependent phosphate transport in opossum-kidney epithelial cells. We found that the medium inhibited phosphate transport, without increasing . . .

Module dependency based incremental compiler and method

Abstract: A compiler and compiling method minimizes recompilation of a computer program after an edit. The program is organized in plural program units, such as modules. The units are each compiled through a sequence of compilation states, including plural intermediate compilation states. In compiling each of the program units, dependencies between units are recorded in a table. When an edit to a program unit is later attempted, the edited unit is decompiled to one of various intermediate compilation states according to the edit performed. Units dependent of the edited unit are decompiled to one of various intermediate compilation states according to the dependency of the dependent unit on the edited unit. When next compiling the program, the units are compiled from their respective intermediate compilation state. Units also can be saved in various intermediate compilation states to minimize compiling when the program is again loaded.

Immunological studies in oral submucous fibrosis.

Abstract: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a high risk precancerous condition. The possible role of immunological factors in the pathogenesis of this condition was evaluated in 113 cases and 25 controls. The male/female ratio was 1.5/1. The mean age of males was significantly lower than that of females. The mean ESR levels were within normal limits, but for a higher than 20 mm fall per hr. in 40% of the cases. The serum IgA, IgG, and IgM levels were elevated significantly as compared to the controls. Circulating auto-antibodies and tissue-deposited antibodies were also found in 33% and 40% of the cases, respectively. From the analysis of the results, it is difficult to ascribe an auto-immune basis for the causation of OSMF. The female bias and elder age group, the factors generally considered in favour of an immune disorder, was not found in our study. However, raised ESR in 40% and serum globulin levels in 47% of the patients, distinctly higher levels of serum immunoglobulins, and positivity for circulating and tissue deposited antibodies in 33% and 34% of the cases respectively, do indicate an immunological basis. Therefore, further studies are required to ascertain the role of cellular immune mechanism and genetic parameters to explain the etiopathogenesis of this complex clinical entity.

Effect of training on the resuscitation practices of traditional birth attendants.

Abstract: Training programs in more modern methods of birth asphyxia resuscitation were started for traditional birth attendants (TBAs) in 54 villages (population 62427) of Raipur Rani Block near Chandigarh India during 1989-1991. A continuing training program by the primary health center staff at 4 focal villages for one day each month had been in progress for several years. About 80-100 TBAs attended these sessions. Resuscitation methods included gravity drainage of secretions physical stimulation by flicking at the soles of the feet cleaning the mouth by a finger wrapped in gauze mouth-to-mouth breathing cardiac massage and prevention of heat loss by wrapping the baby in multiple layers of cloth. In 1988 31 TBAs also received advanced training in the use of the mucus extractor and bag-and-mask ventilation. Two trained field workers visited the villages once a fortnight to contact child workers TBAs and health workers and checking the local register of vital events to record births. Family members and/or the TBA who assisted at the delivery were interviewed and a detailed birth history was recorded for stillborn and asphyxiated babies. TBAs assisted with the delivery of 1884 babies (93.7%). Of these 31 asphyxiated babies and 30 recently stillborn babies were eligible for the resuscitation survey but information could not be collected for 2 of the stillborn infants. Both traditional and modern resuscitation methods were used in 30 cases (51%) modern methods only in 13 (22%) traditional methods in 2 (3%) and no resuscitation effort was made in 14 cases (24%). Among 21 cases delivered by the trained TBAs mucus traps and bag-and-mask were used in 33.3% and 42.6% respectively. Instillation of onion juice and warming of placenta were practiced in a significantly higher proportion of cases by traditionally trained TBAs than by those who had received advanced training. Adoption of modern resuscitation methods by the TBAs demonstrates that they are likely to change their practices.

Activation of murine peritoneal macrophages with cisplatin and lipopolysaccharide: involvement of protein kinase C and tyrosine kinase

Abstract: In the present study we report that protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors, H-7 and chelerythrine chloride, inhibit the cisplatin- or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of murine peritoneal macrophages to the tumoricidal state. Similarly, the tumoricidal activity was also downregulated by protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitors, genestein and lavendustin A. The production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by cisplatin- or LPS-treated macrophages was also inhibited by both PKC and PTK inhibitors. These findings suggest the involvement of PKC and PTK in the activation of murine peritoneal macrophages with cisplatin and LPS.

Silicon Cluster Terminated by Hydrogen, Fluorine and Oxygen Atoms : A Correlation with Visible Luminescence of Porous Silicon

Abstract: The effect of hydrogen, fluorine and oxygen surface termination atoms together with size dependence of the Si-cluster on the electronic structure are considered, using semiempirical molecular orbital calculations. The results show that the electronic structure of the Si-cluster is strongly affected by the presence of oxygen terminators which enhance the carrier localization. The transition probability between the electronic states support the high efficiency of visible luminescence. The hydrogen termination leads to a stable Si-cluster structure. Our calculations suggest that surface conditions of the Si-cluster and its size, are responsible for the visible luminescence properties of porous Si. The oxygen surface termination of the Si-ciuster is one of the requisite conditions to obtain luminescence in the red-orange region.

Enzymatic regulation in ripening mango fruit

Abstract: Activity of enzymes involved in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and organic acids metabolism was assayed in seven mango cultivars during ripening. The glycolytic enzyme hexokinase activity was detected only at ripe stage. PFK activity was maximum in ripe stage and could not be detected at harvest maturity and 1/2 ripe stage. PK activity was detected at four ripening stages and activity level increased until % ripe stage and declined at ripe stage. Gluconeogenic enzymes G6-Pase activity increased until % ripe stage, FB Pase activity registered several fold increase from % to ripe stage and PEPCK activity followed the pattern of FB Pase during ripening. PEPC and pyruvate decarboxylase activity patterns amongst mango cultivars were quite variable and NADP-dependent ME activity increased during ripening. This study brought out that enzyme activity level differences accounted for the variations of sugars and organic acids contents observed amongst seven mango cultivars.

Mothers' beliefs and practices regarding prevention and management of diarrheal diseases

Abstract: PIP: In India, 48 mothers with at least one child aged less than 5 years living in two villages of Raipur Rani block in Haryana were interviewed to determine whether their beliefs and practices had changed after the diarrheal diseases control program was implemented. The researchers planned to use the findings to improve the program's promotional strategy. 23% believed that eating uncovered food, eating dirty or stale food, eating mud, and dirty feeding bottles were causes of diarrhea. Other perceived causes of diarrhea to be excessive heat (75%), specific foods (52%), over-eating (22.9%), excessive cold (14.5%), teething (14.5%), side effects of medication (6.2%), top milk (4.2%), and constipation (4.1%). Only 10.4% knew specific ways to prevent diarrhea. 85.5% approved of continuing breast feeding during diarrhea, while, before the program, most mothers withheld breast milk. Previously, 98.1% would restrict foods during diarrhea, now only 35% would do so. 50% believed less fluids than the normal amount should be given during diarrhea. 65% thought that the usual amount of food should be given. 68.8% would administer home remedies to treat diarrhea. 18.8% would begin oral rehydration therapy at home. If diarrhea is serious or home remedies do not work, 83.7% would seek a local medical practitioner and 16.3% would go to government health facilities. 54% had used oral rehydration solution in the past. 42.9% of them knew how to prepare it correctly and 70.5% knew how to administer it correctly. Recognized danger signs during diarrhea included lethargy (54.1%), at least eight watery stools/day (41.6%), frequent vomiting (27.1%), weakness (20.8%), dry and sunken eyes (16.6%), anorexia (12.5%), loose skin (6.2%), fever (4.2%), noisy breathing (2.1%), convulsions (2.1%), dehydration (2.1%), facial edema (2.1%), and sunken fontanelle (2%). These findings emphasize the need to focus on preventive measures by educating the public about causes and methods of diarrhea prevention while considering the existing culture.

Study of cross coupling in transition bends using cascaded coupler segment method

Abstract: An analysis to find out the cross coupling of transition bend regions in integrated optic directional coupler (IODC) has been carried out using a novel method, namely the cascaded coupler segment method. A study has been conducted to see cross couplings in three types of S-bends, sine, cosine and double arc. It is seen that cosine S-bend offers the lowest cross coupling. Effect of variation in transition lengths on cross coupling is studied. It is then observed that as the transition length increases the cross coupled power also increases. Expression for equivalent interaction length in terms of transition length is derived. The results can be used to arrive at an optimum transition length and type of S-bend. >

High temperature deposition of SiN films using low pressure chemical vapor deposition system for x‐ray mask application

Abstract: SiN films for x‐ray mask membranes were prepared using a low pressure chemical vapor deposition system designed for high temperature deposition and low impurity incorporation. The physical and optical properties of the films such as stress, uniformity, optical transmittance, and absorption were investigated. Film composition and impurities were also evaluated. The SiN film deposited at a substrate temperature of 1000 °C showed suitable properties for x‐ray mask membrane, such as well controlled tensile stress of about 5×107 Pa, high optical transmittance over 95% at 500 to 800 nm, and low impurity concentration.

Drug Availability and its Utilization in Anganwadis

Abstract: other preventive and promotive services. A medicine kit is provided to them every 6 month (Appendix)(2). However, non-availability of drugs is often reported by AWWs, and concern has also been expressed about the possibility of improper drug use by them(3). This study was planned with the objective to find out the availability of drugs in Anganwadis, the knowledge of AWWs about drug usage, and common ailments management by them.

Effect of Surface Termination of Si-Cluster on the Visible Luminescence of Porous-Si: A Correlation with Hydrogen, Fluorine, and Oxygen Atoms

Abstract: The effect of hydrogen, fluorine and oxygen surface termination atoms together with size dependence of Si-cluster on the electronic structure are considered for underlying visible luminescence mechanism of porous-Si, using semi-empirical molecular orbital calculation. The results show that the electronic structure of Si-cluster is strongly affected by the presence of oxygen surface terminators, which enhance the carrier localization. Our simulation results reveal that the presence of oxygen surface terminators, rather than hydrogen is vital for the luminescence in the red-orange region.