Summary Background Since December, 2019, Wuhan, China, has experienced an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 have been reported but risk factors for mortality and a detailed clinical course of illness, including viral shedding, have not been well described. Methods In this retrospective, multicentre cohort study, we included all adult inpatients (≥18 years old) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from Jinyintan Hospital and Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (Wuhan, China) who had been discharged or had died by Jan 31, 2020. Demographic, clinical, treatment, and laboratory data, including serial samples for viral RNA detection, were extracted from electronic medical records and compared between survivors and non-survivors. We used univariable and multivariable logistic regression methods to explore the risk factors associated with in-hospital death. Findings 191 patients (135 from Jinyintan Hospital and 56 from Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital) were included in this study, of whom 137 were discharged and 54 died in hospital. 91 (48%) patients had a comorbidity, with hypertension being the most common (58 [30%] patients), followed by diabetes (36 [19%] patients) and coronary heart disease (15 [8%] patients). Multivariable regression showed increasing odds of in-hospital death associated with older age (odds ratio 1·10, 95% CI 1·03–1·17, per year increase; p=0·0043), higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (5·65, 2·61–12·23; p Interpretation The potential risk factors of older age, high SOFA score, and d-dimer greater than 1 μg/mL could help clinicians to identify patients with poor prognosis at an early stage. Prolonged viral shedding provides the rationale for a strategy of isolation of infected patients and optimal antiviral interventions in the future. Funding Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences; National Science Grant for Distinguished Young Scholars; National Key Research and Development Program of China; The Beijing Science and Technology Project; and Major Projects of National Science and Technology on New Drug Creation and Development.

Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study

Individualism and collectivism

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https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1057%2Fjors.1974.92.pdf

The Nature of Managerial Work

Much of the prior research on interorganizational learning has focused on the role of absorptive capacity, a firm's ability to value, assimilate, and utilize new external knowledge. However, this definition of the construct suggests that a firm has an equal capacity to learn from all other organizations. We reconceptualize the firm-level construct absorptive capacity as a learning dyad-level construct, relative absorptive capacity. One firm's ability to learn from another firm is argued to depend on the similarity of both firms' (1) knowledge bases, (2) organizational structures and compensation policies, and (3) dominant logics. We then test the model using a sample of pharmaceutical–biotechnology R&D alliances. As predicted, the similarity of the partners' basic knowledge, lower management formalization, research centralization, compensation practices, and research communities were positively related to interorganizational learning. The relative absorptive capacity measures are also shown to have greater explanatory power than the established measure of absorptive capacity, R&D spending. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Relative absorptive capacity and interorganizational learning

Group Dynamics: The Psychology of Small Group Behavior

This paper theorizes about the causal relationship between a firm's social capital (both internal and external) and its absorptive capacity. Structural, relational and cognitive dimensions of external social capital were posited to influence the potential absorptive capacity of a firm. We also propositioned that cognitive dimension of external social capital would mediate the influence of structural and relational dimensions on the realized absorptive capacity. Similar propositions were deduced for internal social capital of a firm and its potential and realized absorptive capacity. We also discussed the problems in measurement of absorptive capacity and social capital.

Social capital as an antecedent of absorptive capacity of firms

Researchers have begun exploring the impact of societal culture on Covid-19 outcomes (morbidity and mortality). However, emerging findings need integration with prior literature on societal culture...

Impact of Societal Culture on Covid-19 Morbidity and Mortality across Countries

Communication in an organization forms an important part of most organizational processes. Effective communication leads to not only successful implementation of other processes such as change and divestitures, but also to positive organizational perceptions among employees. It encourages the perceptions of distributive and procedural justice leading to greater job satisfaction and performance among employees.This study looked at communication relationship satisfaction (CRS) and its impact on perceptions of distributive, procedural, and interactional justice. Communication relationship satisfaction (CRS) is an umbrella concept to convey the extent to which available information meets the task-related and general information needs of employees. Employees assess their satisfaction with communications inside organizations on four different facets: (a) with supervisors (b) with peers (c) with top management and (d) with the organization as such (Putti, Aryee and Phua, 1990).Perceived justice is a multi-dimens...

http://vik.sagepub.com/content/35/3/55.full.pdf

Look Who's Talking! Impact of Communication Relationship Satisfaction on Justice Perceptions

The purpose of this paper is to report three main findings. First, the paper reports why local organizations in developing countries would demand self-initiated expatriates (SIEs); second, the paper reports why SIEs accept employment with such organizations; and third, the paper reports the factors that seem to govern the role allocation to SIEs.,The authors used semi-structured interviews to elicit and collect data. The authors followed the procedures of grounded theory for data analysis.,Local organizations in developing countries seem increasingly willing to employ SIEs. Emergence of hitherto nonexistent businesses, rapid expansion, global ambition and organizational maturity seem to drive the demand for SIEs. Industrial decline elsewhere, attractiveness of emerging economies, challenging role, prior experience within similar countries and non-working spouse are factors that enable the SIEs’ acceptance of employment with such organizations. Required boundary spanning and repatriation status determine the role allocation for SIEs.,The findings may be idiosyncratic as they result from a qualitative research design. External validity could, therefore, be low.,Managers can benefit by comprehending the factors motivating SIEs to work for local organizations in developing countries. SIEs can benefit by understanding why such organizations need them, and the roles they are likely to get therein.,Unlike the typical SIEs studied in literature, the authors theorize about SIEs who move from developed countries to work in developing countries and occupy senior positions. Additionally, unlike a typical SIE study, the authors gathered the perspectives of both SIEs and organizations. Lastly, the paper is about an emerging trend: SIEs’ employment in the local organizations of developing countries.

Self-initiated expatriates in the local organizations of developing countries

Mergers and Acquisitions (M&As) continue to be a dominant business strategy for organisations. Despite evidence of greater number of failures than successes, organisations still view M&A as a beneficial strategic activity. This paper looks at the different factors that impact the success or failure of a merger at each stage of the process and brings out the factors that managers need to keep in mind to ensure a successful merger.

Rajiv Kumar

Papers

Social capital as an antecedent of absorptive capacity of firms

Impact of Societal Culture on Covid-19 Morbidity and Mortality across Countries

Look Who's Talking! Impact of Communication Relationship Satisfaction on Justice Perceptions

Self-initiated expatriates in the local organizations of developing countries

Success of a merger or acquisition - a consideration of influencing factors