BIOE 402. Medical Technology Assessment. 2 or 3 hours. Bioentrepreneur course. Assessment of medical technology in the context of commercialization. Objectives, competition, market share, funding, pricing, manufacturing, growth, and intellectual property; many issues unique to biomedical products. Course Information: 2 undergraduate hours. 3 graduate hours. Prerequisite(s): Junior standing or above and consent of the instructor.

“Bioinformatics” 특집을 내면서

The world is confronted with the twin crises of fossil fuel depletion and environmental degradation. The indiscriminate extraction and consumption of fossil fuels have led to a reduction in petroleum reserves. Petroleum based fuels are obtained from limited reserves. These finite reserves are highly concentrated in certain region of the world. Therefore, those countries not having these resources are facing a foreign exchange crisis, mainly due to the import of crude petroleum oil. Hence it is necessary to look for alternative fuels, which can be produced from materials available within the country. Although vegetative oils can be fuel for diesel engines, but their high viscosities, low volatilities and poor cold flow properties have led to the investigation of its various derivatives. Among the different possible sources, fatty acid methyl esters, known as Biodiesel fuel derived from triglycerides (vegetable oil and animal fates) by transesterification with methanol, present the promising alternative substitute to diesel fuels and have received the most attention now a day. The main advantages of using Biodiesel are its renewability, better quality exhaust gas emission, its biodegradability and the organic carbon present in it is photosynthetic in origin. It does not contribute to a rise in the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and consequently to the green house effect. This paper reviews the source of production and characterization of vegetable oils and their methyl ester as the substitute of the petroleum fuel and future possibilities of Biodiesel production.

Biodiesel production through the use of different sources and characterization of oils and their esters as the substitute of diesel: A review

A review on pyrolysis of plastic wastes

World energy demand is expected to increase due to the expanding urbanization, better living standards and increasing population. At a time when society is becoming increasingly aware of the declining reserves of fossil fuels beside the environmental concerns, it has become apparent that biodiesel is destined to make a substantial contribution to the future energy demands of the domestic and industrial economies. There are different potential feedstocks for biodiesel production. Non-edible vegetable oils which are known as the second generation feedstocks can be considered as promising substitutions for traditional edible food crops for the production of biodiesel. The use of non-edible plant oils is very significant because of the tremendous demand for edible oils as food source. Moreover, edible oils’ feedstock costs are far expensive to be used as fuel. Therefore, production of biodiesel from non-edible oils is an effective way to overcome all the associated problems with edible oils. However, the potential of converting non-edible oil into biodiesel must be well examined. This is because physical and chemical properties of biodiesel produced from any feedstock must comply with the limits of ASTM and DIN EN specifications for biodiesel fuels. This paper introduces non-edible vegetable oils to be used as biodiesel feedstocks. Several aspects related to these feedstocks have been reviewed from various recent publications. These aspects include overview of non-edible oil resources, advantages of non-edible oils, problems in exploitation of non-edible oils, fatty acid composition profiles (FAC) of various non-edible oils, oil extraction techniques, technologies of biodiesel production from non-edible oils, biodiesel standards and characterization, properties and characteristic of non-edible biodiesel and engine performance and emission production. As a conclusion, it has been found that there is a huge chance to produce biodiesel from non-edible oil sources and therefore it can boost the future production of biodiesel.

Non-edible vegetable oils: A critical evaluation of oil extraction, fatty acid compositions, biodiesel production, characteristics, engine performance and emissions production

Progress in biodiesel processing

Pulp and paper mill is a source of major environmental pollutants generating industries which include pentachlorophenol a highly chlorinated aromatic compound. PCP degrading bacterial isolates obtained from pulp and paper mill effluent contaminated site were characterised using amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis of 16S rRNA gene. Based on cluster analysis the representative 13 isolates were identified by partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. These PCP degrading bacterial isolates were classified into four major bacterial lineages, α, β, γ-Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. The PCP max and IC 50 values of these isolates ranged from 100 to 300 mg PCP/l and 125 to 375 mg PCP/l respectively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PCP1) and Pseudomonas sp (PCP42) exhibited maximum PCP max and IC 50 value. Degradation of PCP by these isolates at their respective PCP max ranged from 67.25% to 72.98% as analysed by the HPLC. Metabolic substrate usage of the isolates was evaluated using the BIOLOGTM ECO plates and unique carbon substrate usage profiles were observed. PCP degrading isolates, Azospirillum (PCP13 and PCP16) and Inquilinus limosus (PCP 27) were reported for the first time, these might represent new chlorophenol-degrading taxa.

Genetic and metabolic profiling of pentachlorophenol utilizing bacteria from agricultural soil irrigated with pulp and paper mill effluent

Energy crisis and environmental damage forces the desires to utilize biomass as the source of energy which can be an alternative solution for the replacement of fossil fuels. Thermal pyrolysis of mahua seed (Madhuca indica) was studied in semi-batch reactor at different pyrolysis temperatures. The effects of temperatures on product yield and composition of product were investigated. The maximum oil yield of (59.95%) was obtained at an optimum pyrolysis temperature of 525°C. The results showed that the obtained oil can be used as an alternative fuel.

Bio-oil from biomass: Thermal pyrolysis of mahua seed

Biomass is the most abundant, renewable unexplored source of energy. It is organic in nature, basically comprising cellulosic in nature and hemicellulosic matter found in the bio-degradable material from energy crops , agricultural and forest wastes , industrial, consumer and animal wastes . Energy reach compounds, otherwise known as bio-fuels, are prepared from the bio-mass by three important processes, physical, biological and thermo-chemical process. Bio-fuels are prepared in three forms that are solid, liquid and gaseous. Since these bio-fuels are the products from the bio-mass or the biological wastes as mentioned above, so bio-fuels draws credits for re-circulation of carbon to the atmosphere, rather adding more of Green House Gas. This also contains very less amount of sulphur compounds so SOx pollution is negligible. It is also seen, that nitrogen content in bio-flues compared to fossil fuels is less to 50%, resulting low NOx release to atmosphere. These are the basic reasons why this plays an advantageous role than the fossil fuels to bring back a healthy environment by restricting the Green House Effect, which is of great

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Biofuels from Biomass

Microsatellites are known to exhibit ubiquitous presence across all kingdoms of life, including viruses. Members of the family Closteroviridae are the largest RNA viruses and severely affect different agricultural crops worldwide, including1397645907citrus, grapevine, and vegetables. Here we identified and systematically analyzed the nature and distribution of both simple and complex microsatellites present in the complete genome of 36 species belonging to Closteroviridae. Our results showed, in all analyzed genomes, that neither genome size nor GC content had any influence on number, relative abundance, or relative density of microsatellites. For each genome, dinucleotide repeats were found to be highly predominant and AT/TA and AG/GA were the two most abundant dinucleotide repeat motifs. Repeats larger than trinucleotide were relatively rare in these viral genomes. Comparative study of occurrence, abundance, and density of microsatellites among available RNA and DNA viral genomes indicated that simple repeats were less abundant in genomes of Closteroviridae. To our knowledge, this is the first analysis of microsatellites occurring in the largest viral genome that infects plants. Characterization of such variations in repeat sequences would be important in deciphering the origin, mutational processes, and role of repeat sequences in viral genomes.

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Ram Nageena Singh

Papers

Genetic and metabolic profiling of pentachlorophenol utilizing bacteria from agricultural soil irrigated with pulp and paper mill effluent

Bio-oil from biomass: Thermal pyrolysis of mahua seed

Biofuels from Biomass

In silico genome-wide identification and analysis of microsatellite repeats in the largest RNA virus family (Closteroviridae)

Survival of Ascochyta rabiei in infected plant debris at different temperatures and soil depths