This book, written by two major figures in adaptive control, provides a wealth of material for researchers, practitioners, and students. While some researchers in adaptive control may note the absence of a particular topic, the book‘s scope represents a high-gain instrument. It can be used by designers of control systems to enhance their work through the information on many new theoretical developments, and can be used by mathematical control theory specialists to adapt their research to practical needs. The book is strongly recommended to anyone interested in adaptive control.

Adaptive Control

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Methods Of Enzymatic Analysis

Distribution System Modeling and Analysis

Hydrodynamic and hydromagnetic stability

Background 
Probiotic microorganisms favorably alter the intestinal microflora balance, promote intestinal integrity and mobility, inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria and increase resistance to infection. Probiotics are increasingly used in nutraceuticals, functional foods or in microbial interference treatment. However, the effectiveness of probiotic organism is considered to be population-specific due to variation in gut microflora, food habits and specific host-microbial interactions. Most of the probiotic strains available in the market are of western or European origin, and a strong need for exploring new indigenous probiotic organisms is felt.


Methods and Findings 
An indigenous isolate Lp9 identified as Lactobacillus plantarum by molecular-typing methods was studied extensively for its functional and probiotic attributes, viz., acid and bile salt tolerance, cell surface hydrophobicity, autoaggregation and Caco-2 cell-binding as well as antibacterial and antioxidative activities. Lp9 isolate could survive 2 h incubation at pH 1.5–2.0 and toxicity of 1.5–2.0% oxgall bile. Lp9 could deconjugate major bile salts like glycocholate and deoxytaurocholate, indicating its potential to cause hypocholesterolemia. The isolate exhibited cell-surface hydrophobicity of ∼37% and autoaggregation of ∼31%. Presence of putative probiotic marker genes like mucus-binding protein (mub), fibronectin-binding protein (fbp) and bile salt hydrolase (bsh) were confirmed by PCR. Presence of these genes suggested the possibility of specific interaction and colonization potential of Lp9 isolate in the gut, which was also suggested by a good adhesion ratio of 7.4±1.3% with Caco-2 cell line. The isolate demonstrated higher free radical scavenging activity than standard probiotics L. johnsonii LA1 and L. acidophilus LA7. Lp9 also exhibited antibacterial activity against E. coli, L. monocytogenes, S. typhi, S. aureus and B. cereus.


Conclusion 
The indigenous Lactobacillus plantarum Lp9 exhibited high resistance against low pH and bile and possessed antibacterial, antioxidative and cholesterol lowering properties with a potential for exploitation in the development of indigenous functional food or nutraceuticals.

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Functional and probiotic attributes of an indigenous isolate of Lactobacillus plantarum.

Over the last few years, Distribution Generations (DGs) are fast finding their importance in solving growing environmental problems and rising energy demands. However, installation of DG in distribution network may have positive or negative impacts on power system depending on system configuration and local issues. Bat Algorithm (BA) with varying loudness and pulse rate is proposed in this paper for the optimal location and sizing of DG in radial distribution system in order to minimize real power losses and maximize voltage stability index (VSI), along with improving voltage profile within the range of the voltage constraint. Two cases based on either real or both real and reactive power generating capability of DG is considered. Both the cases include single as well as multiple DG units for performance analysis of DG on IEEE 69 bus systems. To verify the efficiency of proposed method a comparison is made with Standard Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The simulation results reveal that Bat Algorithm (BA) is better than PSO in terms of power losses, VSI and quality of solution.

Optimal placement and sizing of DG for power loss minimization and VSI improvement using bat algorithm

Edge detection plays an important role in the field of image processing. Various edge detection techniques are obtained like Sobel, PSO Preweitt, Laplacian and Laplacian of Gaussian. These techniques consume some restrictions such as fixed edge thickness and some parameter like threshold is problematic to implement. Although many different edge-detection methods have been proposed for gray-scale, color, and multispectral images, they still face difficulties when extracting edge features from hyperspectral images (HSIs) that contain a large number of bands with very narrow gap in the spectral domain. High performance computing (HPC) is a technique used to assemble process and analyze more quantity of remote sensing (satellite) data which needs less processing time. HPC method is used in distributed & cluster Computing, parallel computing and following satellite data analyzing & processing approaches like geo-referencing, image edge detection, image classification, image mosaicking, Morphological/neural approach and image fusion for hyperspectral satellite data. Stimulated by means of the specific clustering of theory called gravitational theory, an original edge detection process. The conservative methods include the usage of linear time invariant filters. Recognition of edge is done by these filters as a These filters recognize an edge as a sudden conversion of grey scale pixel intensity. These techniques are well recognized and computationally effective. Canny, Sobel, Robert, Kirsch, Prewitt and LOG, on idea of spatial differential filters by using local grade. Within the less time these filters process the data and are inclined to noise. But in fuzzy technique, it does not include like this restriction, by altering the rules and output parameters, it is possible to change the thickness of the edge. In this paper, a new technique is created on fuzzy logic, which is suggested for detection of edge in digital images deprived of finding the threshold value. This method starts through segmenting the images into sections by means of fluctuating 3 $$\times $$ 3 binary matrixes. The pixels of edge are planned to a range of standards separated from each other. The results of this proposed technique is compared with the results obtained from PSO and neural network methods. This suggested technique provides a permanent effect in the lines smoothness and straightness for the straight lines and good roundness for the curved lines. And sharpness in the curves.

Edge detection of satellite image using fuzzy logic

Forced convection in cross flow of power law fluids over a tube bank

A watermarking scheme based on SVM is implemented and analyzed for two different forms of copyright information, a 34 times 45 binary image and a sound signal for utterance of a word. In this work, the generalization ability of SVM using a basic linear kernel for two different forms of copyright information is analyzed. During extraction, SVM is trained using an extra reference watermark. The perceptual legibility of image and the sound are taken as the objective parameter for analysis. The copyright information is embedded in the positions where the values of the pixels are well within the limit decided by the mean of the surrounding pixels. The perceptual legibility is found to be increased by the above step. The experimental results show the perceptual legibility of sound is better even when the watermarked image is heavily distorted.

SVM based effective watermarking scheme for embedding binary logo and audio signals in images

In this paper, the consumption of energy is efficiently balanced using the high searching capability of harmony search algorithm (HSA). However, centrality in finding the route is considered as an utmost challenge in finding the important node in WSN. Hence, the path operator calculus centrality (SPOCC) is used to optimize the centrality problems in routing. The SPOCC finds the main routing path using HSA, and high centrality node is estimated by particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, thereby ensuring optimal routing with reduced energy consumption. The utilization of PSO improves the lifetime of nodes using its dynamic capability. The performance of the proposed hybrid algorithm is evaluated using the various result metrics in smart grid outdoor transmission environment. The results show that the proposed hybrid algorithm obtains better improvement in terms of reduced delay and high residual energy than the existing algorithms.

Ram Prakash

Papers

Optimal placement and sizing of DG for power loss minimization and VSI improvement using bat algorithm

Edge detection of satellite image using fuzzy logic

Forced convection in cross flow of power law fluids over a tube bank

SVM based effective watermarking scheme for embedding binary logo and audio signals in images

Analysis on energy consumption in smart grid WSN using path operator calculus centrality based HSA-PSO algorithm