The Logic of Violence in Civil War: List of Tables and Figures

I discuss several conceptual problems raised by current understandings of political violence, especially as they pertain to actions, motivations, and identities in civil wars. Actions “on the ground” often turn out to be related to local and private conflicts rather than the war's driving (or “master”) cleavage. The disjunction between dynamics at the top and at the bottom undermines prevailing assumptions about civil wars, which are informed by two competing interpretive frames, most recently described as “greed and grievance.” Rather than posit a dichotomy between greed and grievance, I point to the interaction between political and private identities and actions. Civil wars are not binary conflicts, but complex and ambiguous processes that foster the “joint” action of local and supralocal actors, civilians, and armies, whose alliance results in violence that aggregates yet still reflects their diverse goals. It is the convergence of local motives and supralocal imperatives that endows civil wars with their particular and often puzzling character, straddling the divide between the political and the private, the collective and the individual.

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The Ontology of “Political Violence”: Action and Identity in Civil Wars

(1997). Parting the Curtain: Propaganda, Culture, and the Cold War, 1945–1961. History: Reviews of New Books: Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 5-5.

Parting the Curtain: Propaganda, Culture, and the Cold War, 1945–1961

In the wake of China's Year of Africa in 2006, China-Africa relations are currently the subject of unprecedented attention. However, although those relations are widely covered they are also under-researched. This article offers an introduction to China-Africa relations, covering background to the history and politics of Chinese involvement in the continent and identifying areas of further research. It concludes by calling for the study of China-Africa relations to develop a culture of serious research beyond current ‘dragon in the bush’ preoccupations and so engage a complex subject that is about to become a mainstream issue in African politics.

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Beyond ‘Dragon in the Bush’: The Study of China–Africa Relations

Fu Manchu versus Dr Livingstone in the Dark Continent? Representing China, Africa and the West in British broadsheet newspapers

PROLOGUE Tian'anmen Square, 1989 1. Flashpoint - Beijing, May Fourth, 1919 2. Saving the Nation: the era of the May Fourth Movement 3. Erasing the past: iconoclasm and the destruction of tradition 4. Ugly Chinamen and Dead Rivers 5. Making a stand: the lure and limits of democracy EPILOGUE The Legacy of May Fourth

A Bitter Revolution: China's Struggle with the Modern World

A powerful element in twentieth-century Chinese politics has been the myth of Chinese resistance to Japan's seizure of Manchuria in 1931. Investigating the shifting alliances of key players in that event, Rana Mitter traces the development of the narrative of resistance to the occupation and shows how it became part of China's political consciousness, enduring even today. After Japan's September 1931 military strike leading to a takeover of the Northeast, the Chinese responded in three major ways: collaboration, resistance in exile, and resistance on the ground. What motives prompted some Chinese to collaborate, others to resist? What were conditions like under the Japanese? Through careful reading of Chinese and Japanese sources, particularly local government records, newspapers, and journals published both inside and outside occupied Manchuria, Mitter sheds important new light on these questions.

The Manchurian Myth: Nationalism, Resistance, and Collaboration in Modern China

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Forgotten Ally: China's World War II, 1937-1945

At Wanping, around 50 kilometres from the centre of Beijing, the shots that began the eight-year war between China and Japan were fired in 1937. On the site there now stands the Memorial Museum of the Chinese People's War of Resistance to Japan (the museum's own translation of its title, Zhongguo renmin kang-Ri zhanzheng jinianguan). Inside, a wide array of materials is displayed, but among the most prominent are the waxwork diorama reconstructions of Japanese atrocities against the Chinese. One such display shows a Japanese scientist in a white coat, intent on carrying out a gruesome bacteriological warfare experiment, plunging his scalpel into the living, trussed-up body of a Chinese peasant resistance fighter. But just in case this is not enough to drive the message home, the museum designers have added a refinement: a motor inside the waxwork of the peasant, which makes his body twitch jerkily as if in response to the scalpel, an unending series of little movements until the switch is turned off at closing time.

Rana Mitter

Papers

A Bitter Revolution: China's Struggle with the Modern World

The Manchurian Myth: Nationalism, Resistance, and Collaboration in Modern China

Forgotten Ally: China's World War II, 1937-1945

Behind the Scenes at the Museum: Nationalism, History and Memory in the Beijing War of Resistance Museum, 1987–1997*

The Manchurian Myth: Nationalism, Resistance, and Collaboration in Modern China