Evaluation of anti-oxidant and anti-cancer properties of Dendropanax morbifera Léveille.

Antioxidative, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of the phenolics of Leea indica leaf extract

Background and Aims: The excessive and repeated use of antibiotics in medicine has led to the development of antibiotic-resistant microbial strains, including Staphylococcus aureus whose emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains has reduced the number of antibiotics available to treat clinical infections caused by this bacterium. In this study, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of methanolic extract of Xanthium strumarium L. leaves were evaluated on methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) spp. Materials and Methods: Antiradical and antioxidant activities X. strumarium L. leaf extract were evaluated based on its ability to scavenge the synthetic 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical and by the paired diene method, respectively, whereas the antimicrobial activity was assayed by the disc diffusion method. Statistical Analysis: Data were subjected to analysis of variance following an entirely random design to determine the least significant difference at P Results and Conclusions: The IC 50 values of the extract were 0.02 mg/mL and 0.09 mg/mL for the antioxidant and DPPH-scavenging capacity, respectively. X. strumarium extract affected both methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA, though antibacterial activity was more effective on methicillin-susceptible S. aureus spp. The antibacterial and antioxidant activities exhibited by the methanol extract may justify the traditional use of this plant as a folk remedy worldwide.

In-vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Xanthium strumarium L. extracts on methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Purpose: To investigate the crude n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Aphanamixis polystachya fruit for their cytotoxic, antimicrobial, antioxidant and thrombolytic activities. Methods: The fruit extracts were screened for major phytochemical compounds using in vitro established procedures. Antimicrobial and cytotoxic studies of the fruit extracts were conducted using disc diffusion and brine shrimp lethality bioassay methods, respectively, while an in vitro thrombolytic model was used to assess the clot lysis effect of the extracts with streptokinase as positive control. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by free radical scavenging activity using 2, 2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide assay as well as total phenolic content. Results: The fruit extracts were a rich source of phytochemicals and among the extracts n-hexane extract showed highest antimicrobial activity against Shigella dysenteriae (zone of inhibition: 9.7±0.2 mm) and Candida albicans (zone of inhibition: 8.8±0.3 mm) at a concentration of 1000µg/disc, whereas at the same concentration methanol extract showed highest zone of inhibition, 10.1±0.4mm, against Staphylococcus aureus. Compared to potassium permanganate with a median lethal concentration (LC 50 ) of 13.23 µg/ml in the brine shrimp lethality assay, the LC 50 of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were 15.77, 17.51 and 141.37 µg/ml, respectively. All the extracts showed significant clot lysis activity (p < 0.001) with reference to negative control and % clot lysis of the extracts were approximately 13. Notable antioxidant activity of the methanol extract was observed unlike the other extracts. Conclusion: The results of the study demonstrated the potential cytotoxic, thrombolytic and antioxidant activities of the fruit extracts of A. polystachya and therefore further studies on the isolation and identification of active principles are required.

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Phytochemical Screening and In vitro Evaluation of Pharmacological Activities of Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall) Parker Fruit Extracts

This research investigated the protective role of Leea macrophylla extract on CCl4-induced acute liver injury in rats. Different fractions of Leea macrophylla (Roxb.) crude extract were subjected to analysis for antioxidative effects. Rats were randomly divided into four groups as normal control, hepatic control, and reference control (silymarin) group and treatment group. Evaluations were made for the effects of the fractions on serum enzymes and biochemical parameters of CCl4-induced albino rat. Histopathological screening was also performed to evaluate the changes of liver tissue before and after treatment. Different fractions of Leea macrophylla showed very potent 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging effect, FeCl3 reducing effect, superoxide scavenging effect, and iron chelating effect. Carbon tetrachloride induction increased the level of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and other biochemical parameters such as lipid profiles, total protein, and CK-MB. In contrast, treatment of Leea macrophylla reduced the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities as well as biochemical parameters activities. L. macrophylla partially restored the lipid profiles, total protein, and CK-MB. Histopathology showed the treated liver towards restoration. Results evidenced that L. macrophylla can be prospective source of hepatic management in liver injury.

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Antioxidative Role of Hatikana (Leea macrophylla Roxb.) Partially Improves the Hepatic Damage Induced by CCl4 in Wistar Albino Rats

Many plants possess antioxidant ingredients that provided efficacy by additive or synergistic activities. Present article highlights an antioxidant activity of a red listed medicinal plant Aphanamixis polystachya bark which has a strong astringent power. It is used for the treatment of rheumatism, tumours, liver and spleen diseases. Antioxidant activity of the crude extracts of A. polystachya (bark) were assessed using DPPH and FRAP assays. The alcohol, aqueous methanol and petroleum ether extracts exhibited potent antioxidant activity compared to known antioxidants. Due to its natural origin and potent free-radical scavenging ability A. Polystachya could be used as a potential preventive action taken to improve free radical-mediated diseases.

Rawat Apeksha

Papers

Free Radical Scavenging (DPPH) and Ferric Reducing Ability (FRAP) of Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall) Parker