Showing papers by "Reed W. Larson published in 1996"
TL;DR: In a cross-sequential study spanning 5th-12th grade, 220 white working-and middle-class youth provided reports on their experience at 16,477 random moments in their lives as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In a cross-sequential study spanning 5th-12th grade, 220 White working-and middle-class youth provided reports on their experience at 16,477 random moments in their lives. Amount of time spent with family was found to decrease from 35% to 14% ofwaking hours across this age period. indicating disengagement. However, transformation and continued connection were evident in stability across age in time talking and alone with parents; an age increase in family conversation about interpersonal issues, particularly for girls; and with age, adolescents' more frequent perception of themselves as leading interactions. After a decrease in early adolescence, older teens reported more favorable affect in themselves and others during family interactions. Last, the age decline in family time was found to be mediated not by internal family conflict but by opportunities and pulls an adolescent experiences from outside the family.
833 citations
TL;DR: The Experience Sampling Method (ESM) as discussed by the authors is a quasi-naturalistic method that involves signaling research subjects at random times throughout the day, often for a week or longer, and asking them to report on the nature and quality of their experience.
Abstract: The Experience Sampling Method (ESM) is a quasi-naturalistic method that involves signaling research subjects at random times throughout the day, often for a week or longer, and asking them to report on the nature and quality of their experience. The method has been applied to an increasing number of research problems in medicine, the social sciences, and communication. In this essay, the authors, who have developed the methodology over the past 20 years, reflect on some of the methods applications within communication studies. The ESM is contrasted with traditional questionnaire and diary methods, and its value in mapping behavior's ecological context and the nature of human experience is assessed. The authors suggest how the method can be applied to research problems in organizational settings, such as work and schools; with regard to mass and mediated communication; and to interpersonal, familial, and marital communication topics
149 citations
TL;DR: Comfort in being alone was found to be related to lower depression, fewer physical symptoms, and greater satisfaction with life, and ability to use time alone to deal with stress was not related to well-being.
Abstract: The hypothesis that the ability to comfortably spend and use time alone is a buffer against effects of stress, comparable to social support, was tested. A 20-item instrument was developed to evaluate the capacity to be alone (Winnicott, 1958) and was then administered by telephone survey to 500 U.S. adults. Findings differed for two dimensions of the capacity to be alone. Reported comfort in being alone was found to be related to lower depression, fewer physical symptoms, and greater satisfaction with life. Reported ability to use time alone to deal with stress was not related to well-being. Neither dimension showed the expected interaction with stress, and individuals with high stress who reported high solitary coping exhibited greater vulnerability on one dimension of well-being, suggesting that this coping style may reflect maladjustment.
54 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined whether specific coping strategies for exam stress are related to psychological and physical adjustment and whether these strategies moderate the relationship between additional life event stress and adjustm ent.
Abstract: This study tested the hypothesis that coping is related to a reduction in psychological distress and physical sym ptom s, as experienced by adolescents while enduring highly demanding examination stress. U sing the university entrance examination stress faced by Korean adolescents, the study examined whether specific coping strategies for exam stress are related to psychological and physical adjustment and whether these strategies moderate the relationship between additional life event stress and adjustm ent. A sample of 358 Korean students in the 12th grade reported their level of additional life event stress, the coping strategies they were using to cope with exam and non-exam stress, and their levels of depression and physical symptoms. Problem-solving and inform ation-seeking coping were found to be related to reduction in depression; however, emotional-discharge coping was related to increase in physical symptoms. Coping with exam stress was found to be related to adjustment and independent of the le...
23 citations
13 citations