Praise for the Third Edition: "This is one of the best books available. Its excellent organizational structure allows quick reference to specific models and its clear presentation . . . solidifies the understanding of the concepts being presented."IIE Transactions on Operations EngineeringThoroughly revised and expanded to reflect the latest developments in the field, Fundamentals of Queueing Theory, Fourth Edition continues to present the basic statistical principles that are necessary to analyze the probabilistic nature of queues. Rather than presenting a narrow focus on the subject, this update illustrates the wide-reaching, fundamental concepts in queueing theory and its applications to diverse areas such as computer science, engineering, business, and operations research.This update takes a numerical approach to understanding and making probable estimations relating to queues, with a comprehensive outline of simple and more advanced queueing models. Newly featured topics of the Fourth Edition include:Retrial queuesApproximations for queueing networksNumerical inversion of transformsDetermining the appropriate number of servers to balance quality and cost of serviceEach chapter provides a self-contained presentation of key concepts and formulae, allowing readers to work with each section independently, while a summary table at the end of the book outlines the types of queues that have been discussed and their results. In addition, two new appendices have been added, discussing transforms and generating functions as well as the fundamentals of differential and difference equations. New examples are now included along with problems that incorporate QtsPlus software, which is freely available via the book's related Web site.With its accessible style and wealth of real-world examples, Fundamentals of Queueing Theory, Fourth Edition is an ideal book for courses on queueing theory at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. It is also a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners who analyze congestion in the fields of telecommunications, transportation, aviation, and management science.

Fundamentals of Queueing Theory

SUMO is an open source traffic simulation package including the simulation application itself as well as supporting tools, mainly for network import and demand modeling. SUMO helps to investigate a large variety of research topics, mainly in the context of traffic management and vehicular communications. We describe the current state of the package, its major applications, both by research topic and by example, as well as future developments and extensions. Keywords-microscopic traffic simulation; traffic management; open source; software

https://www.thinkmind.org/articles/sysmea_v5_n34_2012_4.pdf

Recent Development and Applications of SUMO - Simulation of Urban MObility

Microscopic traffic simulation is an invaluable tool for traffic research. In recent years, both the scope of research and the capabilities of the tools have been extended considerably. This article presents the latest developments concerning intermodal traffic solutions, simulator coupling and model development and validation on the example of the open source traffic simulator SUMO.

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Microscopic Traffic Simulation using SUMO

The Object Management Group's (OMG) Model Driven Architecture (MDA) strategy envisages a world where models play a more direct role in software production, being amenable to manipulation and transformation by machine. Model Driven Engineering (MDE) is wider in scope than MDA. MDE combines process and analysis with architecture. This article sets out a framework for model driven engineering, which can be used as a point of reference for activity in this area. It proposes an organisation of the modelling 'space' and how to locate models in that space. It discusses different kinds of mappings between models. It explains why process and architecture are tightly connected. It discusses the importance and nature of tools. It identifies the need for defining families of languages and transformations, and for developing techniques for generating/configuring tools from such definitions. It concludes with a call to align metamodelling with formal language engineering techniques.

Model Driven Engineering

The OMNeT++ discrete event simulation environment has been publicly available since 1997. It has been created with the simulation of communication networks, multiprocessors and other distributed systems in mind as application area, but instead of building a specialized simulator, OMNeT++ was designed to be as general as possible. Since then, the idea has proven to work, and OMNeT++ has been used in numerous domains from queuing network simulations to wireless and ad-hoc network simulations, from business process simulation to peer-to-peer network, optical switch and storage area network simulations. This paper presents an overview of the OMNeT++ framework, recent challenges brought about by the growing amount and complexity of third party simulation models, and the solutions we introduce in the next major revision of the simulation framework.

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An overview of the OMNeT++ simulation environment

Recently, many efforts have been made to develop more efficient Inter-Vehicle Communication (IVC) protocols for on-demand route planning according to observed traffic congestion or incidents, as well as for safety applications. Because practical experiments are often not feasible, simulation of network protocol behavior in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) scenarios is strongly demanded for evaluating the applicability of developed network protocols. In this work, we discuss the need for bidirectional coupling of network simulation and road traffic microsimulation for evaluating IVC protocols. As the selection of a mobility model influences the outcome of simulations to a great extent, the use of a representative model is necessary for producing meaningful evaluation results. Based on these observations, we developed the hybrid simulation framework Veins (Vehicles in Network Simulation), composed of the network simulator OMNeT++ and the road traffic simulator SUMO. In a proof-of-concept study, we demonstrate its advantages and the need for bidirectionally coupled simulation based on the evaluation of two protocols for incident warning over VANETs. With our developed methodology, we can advance the state-of-the-art in performance evaluation of IVC and provide means to evaluate developed protocols more accurately.

/pdf/bidirectionally-coupled-network-and-road-traffic-simulation-59x3tw1e3m.pdf

Bidirectionally Coupled Network and Road Traffic Simulation for Improved IVC Analysis

We present a realistic, yet computationally inexpensive simulation model for IEEE 802.11p radio shadowing in urban environments. Based on real world measurements using IEEE 802.11p/DSRC devices, we estimated the effect that buildings and other obstacles have on the radio communication between vehicles. Especially for evaluating safety applications in the field of Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), stochastic models are not sufficient for evaluating the radio communication in simulation. Motivated by similar work on WiFi measurements, we therefore created an empirical model for modeling buildings and their properties to accurately simulate the signal propagation. We validated our model using real world measurements in a city scenario for different types of obstacles. Our simulation results show a very high accuracy when compared with the measurement results, while only requiring a marginal overhead in terms of computational complexity.

/pdf/a-computationally-inexpensive-empirical-model-of-ieee-802-1l4rf8i4sb.pdf

A computationally inexpensive empirical model of IEEE 802.11p radio shadowing in urban environments

Stochastic Petri nets (SPN's) with generally distributed firing times can model a large class of systems, but simulation is the only feasible approach for their solution. We explore a hierarchy of SPN classes where modeling power is reduced in exchange for an increasingly efficient solution. Generalized stochastic Petri nets (GSPN's), deterministic and stochastic Petri nets (DSPN's), semi-Markovian stochastic Petri nets (SM-SPN's), timed Petri nets (TPN's), and generalized timed Petri nets (GTPN's) are particular entries in our hierarchy. Additional classes of SPN's for which we show how to compute an analytical solution are obtained by the method of the embedded Markov chain (DSPN's are just one example in this class) and state discretization, which we apply not only to the continuous-time case (PH-type distributions), but also to the discrete case. >

A characterization of the stochastic process underlying a stochastic Petri net

Stochastic Petri nets are well suited for the model-based performance and dependability evaluation of complex systems. Most commonly, the firing times of the transitions are exponentially distributed, leading to an underlying continuous-time Markov chain. In order to increase the modeling power, several classes of non-Markovian SPNs were defined, in which the transitions may fire after a nonexponentially distributed firing time. TimeNET (Timed Petri Net Evaluation Tool) is a software package for the modeling and evaluation of SPNs in which the firing times of the transitions may be exponentially distributed, deterministic, or more generally distributed. TimeNET has been developed at the Technical University of Berlin in several research projects.

TimeNET-a toolkit for evaluating non-Markovian stochastic Petri nets

This paper presents TimeNET, a software tool for the modelling and performability evaluation using stochastic Petri nets. The tool has been designed especially for models with non-exponentially distributed firing delays. A general overview of the software package and its new features is given. The graphical user interface is completely rewritten. It integrates different model classes in a user-friendly and consistent way. One of the recent enhancements is an environment for the modelling and performance evaluation of manufacturing systems based on coloured stochastic Petri nets. A manufacturing system is modelled and analysed as an application example.

Reinhard German

Papers

Bidirectionally Coupled Network and Road Traffic Simulation for Improved IVC Analysis

A computationally inexpensive empirical model of IEEE 802.11p radio shadowing in urban environments

A characterization of the stochastic process underlying a stochastic Petri net

TimeNET-a toolkit for evaluating non-Markovian stochastic Petri nets

Petri Net Modelling and Performability Evaluation with TimeNET 3.0