Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties, Modifications, and Applications

Interpretation of X-ray Powder Diffraction Patterns . By H. Lipson and H. Steeple. Pp. viii + 335 + 3 plates. (Mac-millan: London; St Martins Press: New York, May 1970.) £4.

X-Ray Diffraction

Natural fibers are getting attention from researchers and academician to utilize in polymer composites due to their ecofriendly nature and sustainability. The aim of this review article is to provide a comprehensive review of the foremost appropriate as well as widely used natural fiber reinforced polymer composites (NFPCs) and their applications. In addition, it presents summary of various surface treatments applied to natural fibers and their effect on NFPCs properties. The properties of NFPCs vary with fiber type and fiber source as well as fiber structure. The effects of various chemical treatments on the mechanical and thermal properties of natural fibers reinforcements thermosetting and thermoplastics composites were studied. A number of drawbacks of NFPCs like higher water absorption, inferior fire resistance, and lower mechanical properties limited its applications. Impacts of chemical treatment on the water absorption, tribology, viscoelastic behavior, relaxation behavior, energy absorption flames retardancy, and biodegradability properties of NFPCs were also highlighted. The applications of NFPCs in automobile and construction industry and other applications are demonstrated. It concluded that chemical treatment of the natural fiber improved adhesion between the fiber surface and the polymer matrix which ultimately enhanced physicomechanical and thermochemical properties of the NFPCs.

/pdf/a-review-on-natural-fiber-reinforced-polymer-composite-and-24eoqfvi7o.pdf

A Review on Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite and Its Applications

In recent years, near-nano (submicron) and nanostructured materials have attracted increasingly more attention from the materials community. Nanocrystalline materials are characterized by a microstructural length or grain size of up to about 100 nm. Materials having grain size of ∼0.1 to 0.3 μm are classified as submicron materials. Nanocrystalline materials exhibit various shapes or forms, and possess unique chemical, physical or mechanical properties. When the grain size is below a critical value (∼10–20 nm), more than 50 vol.% of atoms is associated with grain boundaries or interfacial boundaries. In this respect, dislocation pile-ups cannot form, and the Hall–Petch relationship for conventional coarse-grained materials is no longer valid. Therefore, grain boundaries play a major role in the deformation of nanocrystalline materials. Nanocrystalline materials exhibit creep and super plasticity at lower temperatures than conventional micro-grained counterparts. Similarly, plastic deformation of nanocrystalline coatings is considered to be associated with grain boundary sliding assisted by grain boundary diffusion or rotation. In this review paper, current developments in fabrication, microstructure, physical and mechanical properties of nanocrystalline materials and coatings will be addressed. Particular attention is paid to the properties of transition metal nitride nanocrystalline films formed by ion beam assisted deposition process.

/pdf/nanocrystalline-materials-and-coatings-1pj6y7x45z.pdf

Nanocrystalline materials and coatings

Isolation of nanocellulose from waste sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and its characterization

The impact of several chemical treatments, including NaOH, polyethyleneimine, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, Ca(OH)2 and CaCl2 onto the composition and structure of hemp fibres was evaluated using differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Comparison of results obtained with the last two techniques allows us to quantify the impact of the chemical treatments onto the crystallinity index.

Influence of various chemical treatments on the composition and structure of hemp fibres

X-ray diffraction on polycrystalline materials

Preface. Acknowledgements. An Historical Introduction: The Discovery of X-rays and the First Studies in X-ray Diffraction. Part 1. Basic Theoretical Elements, Instrumentation and Classical Interpretations of the Results. Chapter 1. Kinematic and geometric theories of X-ray diffraction. Chapter 2. Instrumentation used for X-ray diffraction. Chapter 3. Data processing, extracting information. Chapter 4. Interpreting the results. 5. Scattering and diffraction on imperfect crystals. Part 2. Microstructual Analysis. Chapter 6. Microstructural study of randomly oriented polycrystalline samples. Chapter 7. Microstructural study of thin films. Bibliography. Index.

X-Ray Diffraction by Polycrystalline Materials

This paper deals with the role of epitaxial strain on the structure and electronic transport properties of metastable SmNiO3 layers grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition onto SrTiO3 and LaAlO3 substrates. The characterization of these layers is carried out by high resolution x-ray diffraction and four-probe resistivity measurements. It is found that the SmNiO3 phase is stabilized by in-plane compressive strain whereas in-plane tensile strain induces the creation of oxygen vacancies that induces an annihilation of the metal-insulator transition and a huge increase of the resistivity.

/pdf/effect-of-tensile-and-compressive-strains-on-the-transport-91kyuasn1v.pdf

Effect of tensile and compressive strains on the transport properties of SmNiO3 layers epitaxially grown on (001) SrTiO3 and LaAlO3 substrates

The actual ambiguity in the interpretation of the Raman-active vibrations of tetragonal ${\mathrm{ZrO}}_{2}$ is discussed as a factor impeding progress in long-standing investigations of the polymorphism of zirconia. The reliable symmetry assignment of these vibrations is proposed by analyzing a polarized light scattering from single-crystal grains of epitaxial films of pure $t\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{ZrO}}_{2}$ grown on monocrystalline ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ samples. The interrelations between the Raman spectrum of $t\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{ZrO}}_{2}$ and the relevant phonons of $c\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{ZrO}}_{2}$ are considered, implying the ${A}_{1g}$ vibration as a soft mode driving the tetragonal-cubic transformation.

René Guinebretière

Papers

Influence of various chemical treatments on the composition and structure of hemp fibres

X-ray diffraction on polycrystalline materials

X-Ray Diffraction by Polycrystalline Materials

Effect of tensile and compressive strains on the transport properties of SmNiO3 layers epitaxially grown on (001) SrTiO3 and LaAlO3 substrates

Polarized Raman spectra of tetragonal pure ZrO 2 measured on epitaxial films