Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques

What makes organizations so similar? We contend that the engine of rationalization and bureaucratization has moved from the competitive marketplace to the state and the professions. Once a set of organizations emerges as a field, a paradox arises: rational actors make their organizations increasingly similar as they try to change them. We describe three isomorphic processes-coercive, mimetic, and normative—leading to this outcome. We then specify hypotheses about the impact of resource centralization and dependency, goal ambiguity and technical uncertainty, and professionalization and structuration on isomorphic change. Finally, we suggest implications for theories of organizations and social change.

The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields (Chinese Translation)

Interpreting qualitative data

https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid%3A7bdae86a-0209-4e53-83d0-c531dd3465ec/datastream/OBJ/download

Artificial Intelligence (AI) : Multidisciplinary perspectives on emerging challenges, opportunities, and agenda for research, practice and policy

textPrior studies have emphasized that structural attributes are crucial to simultaneously pursuing exploration and exploitation, yet our understanding of antecedents of ambidexterity is still limited. Structural differentiation can help ambidextrous organizations to maintain multiple inconsistent and conflicting demands; however, differentiated exploratory and exploitative activities need to mobilized, coordinated, integrated, and applied. Based on this idea, we delineate formal and informal senior team integration mechanisms (i.e. contingency rewards and social integration) and formal and informal organizational integration mechanisms (i.e. cross-functional interfaces and connectedness) and examine how they mediate the relationship between structural differentiation and ambidexterity. Overall, our findings suggest that the previously asserted direct effect of structural differentiation on ambidexterity operates through informal senior team (i.e. senior team social integration) and formal organizational (i.e. cross-functional interfaces) integration mechanisms. Through this richer explanation and empirical assessment, we contribute to a greater clarity and better understanding of how organizations may effectively pursue exploration and exploitation simultaneously to achieve ambidexterity.

/pdf/structural-differentiation-and-ambidexterity-the-mediating-4tfwksgx8f.pdf

Structural Differentiation and Ambidexterity: The Mediating Role of Integration Mechanisms

https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid%3Aec089ffb-3d36-47fc-85a5-95bbdb3a4ebc/datastream/OBJ/download

Data science empowering the public: Data-driven dashboards for transparent and accountable decision-making in smart cities

The opening of data has been credited for improving transparency and for providing a window on government functioning. Although this relationship is intuitively apparent, it is in fact complex and ...

A Systematic Literature Study to Unravel Transparency Enabled by Open Government Data : The Window Theory

Purpose: Many governments are working toward a vision of government-wide transformation that strives to achieve an open, transparent and accountable government while providing responsive services. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the concept of transparency-by-design to advance open government. Design/methodology/approach: The opening of data, the deployment of tools and instruments to engage the public, collaboration among public organizations and between governments and the public are important drivers for open government. The authors review transparency-by-design concepts. Findings: To successfully achieve open government, fundamental changes in practice and new research on governments as open systems are needed. In particular, the creation of “transparency-by-design” is a key aspect in which transparency is a key system development requirement, and the systems ensure that data are disclosed to the public for creating transparency. Research limitations/implications: Although transparency-by-design is an intuitive concept, more research is needed in what constitutes information and communication technology-mediated transparency and how it can be realized. Practical implications: Governments should embrace transparency-by-design to open more data sets and come closer to achieving open government. Originality/value: Transparency-by-design is a new concept that has not given any attention yet in the literature.

/pdf/transparency-by-design-as-a-foundation-for-open-government-4maniw7q5t.pdf

Transparency-by-design as a foundation for open government

Smart cities focus on using existing resources in a better way to improve the urban environment. At the same time Big and Open Linked Data BOLD can be used to better understand the use of the resources and to suggest improvements. The objective of this paper is to investigate the complementariness of the smart cities and big and Open Data research streams. Two inductive cases concerning different aspects of smart cities, energy and mobility, are investigated. The idea of using BOLD for smart cities seems initially straightforward, but the cases show that this is complex. A taxonomy for forms of collecting and opening data is derived. A major challenge is to deal with data distributed over various data sources and how to align the data push with the citizens' needs. This paper highlights a continuous scale between open and closed data and emphasizes that not only Open Data but also closed data should be used to identify improvements. BOLD can contribute to the 'smartness' of cities by linking and combining data or employing data or predictive analytics to improve better use of resources. A smart city only becomes smart when there are smart citizens, businesses, civil servants and other stakeholders.

/pdf/big-and-open-linked-data-bold-to-create-smart-cities-and-37j1aktbb7.pdf

Big and Open Linked Data BOLD to Create Smart Cities and Citizens: Insights from Smart Energy and Mobility Cases

The development of information and communication technologies (ICTs) enabled production of bases containing raw data which can be freely manipulated, filtered or being crossed to build new applications. These possibilities of using this raw data and its manipulation have been called Open Government Data (OGD). The aim of this paper is to present the State of Art of the Open Government Data in Brazilian National, State and Municipal governments. Some benefits that OGD have been promoted are: transparency promotion, and, improvements of social control and citizen participation. The methodology used is the literature review mainly about concepts of Open Government Data and three case studies about Brazilian governmental initiatives of OGD Portals. It was conducted an exploratory study of Brazilian initiatives National and Subnational governments that aims to verify the Brazilian level of OGD based on the eight principles of OGD and the five stars of open linked data, the last one was created by Tim Berners-Lee to measure the level of open data in websites. The final considerations reveal Brazilian initiatives adopt almost the entire principles of OGD. Further, the initiatives are in the third stage of a completely open linked data (three stars).

Ricardo Matheus

Papers

Data science empowering the public: Data-driven dashboards for transparent and accountable decision-making in smart cities

A Systematic Literature Study to Unravel Transparency Enabled by Open Government Data : The Window Theory

Transparency-by-design as a foundation for open government

Big and Open Linked Data BOLD to Create Smart Cities and Citizens: Insights from Smart Energy and Mobility Cases

New perspectives for electronic government in Brazil: the adoption of open government data in national and subnational governments of Brazil