In humans, many diseases are associated with the accumulation of free radicals. Antioxidants can scavenge free radicals and minimize their impact. Therefore, the search for naturally occurring antioxidants of plant origin is imperative. Here, we aimed to investigate the antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties of methanolic extracts from Tabebuia pallida (T. pallida) stem bark (TPSB), root bark (TPRB), leaves (TPL), and flowers (TPF). The antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity were determined by several standard methods using spectrophotomer. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were estimated using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and aluminum chloride colorimetric assay methods, respectively. Among the extracts, TPL showed the highest total antioxidant capacity followed by TPRB, TPF, and TPSB. Based on DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, TPL showed strong scavenging activity (91.05 ± 1.10 and 62.00 ± 0.57) with IC50 of 9.20 ± 0.28 and 46.00 ± 2.84 μg/mL, respectively when compared with standard BHT (IC50 of 7.00 ± 0.25 μg/mL) and CA (75.00 ± 0.14 μg/mL). These results suggest that TPL had the highest radical scavenging activity among the extractives that closely resembled the standard’s. In lipid peroxidation inhibition assay, TPL exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity (83.18 ± 2.12 %) with IC50 of 12.00 ± 2.12 μg/mL, which closely resembled standard CA (IC50 of 10.50 ± 0.28 μg/mL). Also, the reducing capacity on ferrous ion was in the following order: TPL > TPRB > TF > TPSB. The phenolic and flavonoid contents of TPL were higher than other extractives. A positive correlation (p value <0.001) was observed between phenolic content and free radical (DPPH· and ·OH) scavenging efficiencies and lipid peroxidation inhibition activity. Methanolic extract of T. pallida leaf is a potential source of natural antioxidants and serves as an effective free radical scavenger and/or inhibitor. Hence, T. pallida might be a good plant-based pharmaceutical product for several diseases caused by free radicals.

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In vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of different parts of Tabebuia pallida growing in Bangladesh

Excerpt Essentially all the hydroxyproline in the tissues of vertebrates is found in collagen, and, except for the small amount of hydroxyproline in elastin, no other animal protein contains signif...

Relationship of Hydroxyproline Excretion in Urine to Collagen Metabolism

Snakebite is classified by the WHO as a neglected tropical disease. Envenoming is a significant public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions. Neurotoxicity is a key feature of some envenomings, and there are many unanswered questions regarding this manifestation. Acute neuromuscular weakness with respiratory involvement is the most clinically important neurotoxic effect. Data is limited on the many other acute neurotoxic manifestations, and especially delayed neurotoxicity. Symptom evolution and recovery, patterns of weakness, respiratory involvement, and response to antivenom and acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors are variable, and seem to depend on the snake species, type of neurotoxicity, and geographical variations. Recent data have challenged the traditional concepts of neurotoxicity in snake envenoming, and highlight the rich diversity of snake neurotoxins. A uniform system of classification of the pattern of neuromuscular weakness and models for predicting type of toxicity and development of respiratory weakness are still lacking, and would greatly aid clinical decision making and future research. This review attempts to update the reader on the current state of knowledge regarding this important issue.

/pdf/neurotoxicity-in-snakebite-the-limits-of-our-knowledge-4xr1sxnwtu.pdf

Neurotoxicity in Snakebite—The Limits of Our Knowledge

Emblica officinalis (Amla): A review for its phytochemistry, ethnomedicinal uses and medicinal potentials with respect to molecular mechanisms.

The genus Achyranthes: A review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities.

Snake bite, a major socio-medical problem of south east asian countries is still depending on the usage of antisera as the one and only source of treatment, which has its own limitations. In India, mostly in rural areas, health centres are inadequate and the snake bite victims mostly depend on traditional healers and herbal antidotes, as an alternative treatment. The present review has been focussed on the varied folk and traditional herbs and their antisnake venom compounds, which might be a stepping stone in establishing the future therapy against snake bite treatment and management.

Herbs and herbal constituents active against snake bite.

Prevention of the progression of adjuvant induced arthritis by oral supplementation of Indian fresh water mussel (Lamellidens marginalis) aqueous extract in experimental rats

The folk use of the Indian medicinal plant Emblica officinalis Linn. root extract and its active compound (Pthalate in nature) against snake venom has been established in experimental animal models. From the root extract of Emblica officinalis, a compound was isolated through silica gel column chromatography and the structure was determined by UV, IR, 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR & EIMS studies. The structure was determined and the active fraction was a pthalate compound, which could neutralize viper and cobra venom induced lethal, hemorrhagic, defibrinogenating, proinflammatory, PLA2, cardiotoxic and neurotoxic activity in experimental animal models. Viper venom induced myotoxicity was antagonized by the compound as shown by the decreased levels of the myotoxicity marker enzymes CPK & LDH. The pro- inflammatory action of viper venom neutralized by the active compound, showed the involvement of the pro- inflammatory markers IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α. The present study confirmed the phytomedicinal value of an antisnake venom compound present in the root of Emblica officinalis.

Snake venom neutralising factor from the root extract of Emblica officinalis Linn.

The present study established the anti scorpion venom activity of an aromatic compound purified from the Indian medicinal plant Hemidesmus indicus (anantamul) root extract in experimental animals. The compound (H.I-1) was isolated by silica gel column chromatography and thin layer chromatography and spectral analysis was done by IR and H1 NMR. Animal ethical clearance was obtained before experiment. Anti scorpion venom activity was evaluated using various in vivo tests, urine qualitative analysis, renal toxicity markers (urea and creatinine), hepatotoxicity markers (AST and ALT), myotoxic markers (LDH and CPK) and oxidative stress markers (LPO, GPX and GSH) in animal models. Statistical analysis was done by one way ANOVA, values expressed as mean±SEM, P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Silica gel column chromatography I & II produced an active compound (H.I-1) which gave a single spot on TLC. IR and H1 NMR studies revealed that H.I-1 was aromatic compound having sugar (rhamnose) moiety. It could neutralize scorpion (Heterometrus bengalensis) venom induced hepatotoxicity, renal toxicity, myotoxicity and oxidative stress in experimental animals. These observations confirmed that the aromatic compound H.I-1, isolated from Hemidesmus indicus root extract might be useful in scorpion envenomation and warrants further detailed studies.

https://www.longdom.org/open-access/antiscorpion-venom-activity-of-an-aromatic-compound-having-carbohydrate-moiety-isolated-from-hemidesmus-indicus-anantamul-root-ext-2161-1025-1000191.pdf

Antiscorpion Venom Activity of an Aromatic Compound having Carbohydrate Moiety Isolated from Hemidesmus indicus (Anantamul) Root Extract in Experimental Animal Models

For the most majority of children in developing nations, breastfeeding is thought to be the most vital factor that influences whether they will live or die, although the pattern of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding are more crucial factors, which are frequently neglected by most mothers. This descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted among 384 respondents from 250 bedded General Hospital, Jashore, Bangladesh to find out the factors influencing Women’s Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding breastfeeding who are visiting Pediatric OPD from October, 2021 to Marc, 2022.Respondents were enrolled in the study using Purposive sampling technique. Data was collected by face to face interview with a semi-structured questionnaire. Here, 53.0% women’s knowledge on breast feeding was Good as well as 41.0% women’s knowledge was Fair and 6.0% women’s knowledge was Poor on the other hand 22.0% women’s Attitude on breast feeding was Good as well as 54.0% women’s Attitude was Fair and 24.0% women’s Attitude was Poor & 28.0% women’s Practice on breast feeding was Good as well as 39.0% women’s Practice was Fair and 33.0% women’s Practice was Poor. While there was typically good knowledge about breastfeeding, there was still inadequate practice. Breastfeeding expertise and mothers' employment position were revealed to be modifiable factors that predicted exclusive breastfeeding.

Rinku Das

Papers

Herbs and herbal constituents active against snake bite.

Prevention of the progression of adjuvant induced arthritis by oral supplementation of Indian fresh water mussel (Lamellidens marginalis) aqueous extract in experimental rats

Snake venom neutralising factor from the root extract of Emblica officinalis Linn.

Antiscorpion Venom Activity of an Aromatic Compound having Carbohydrate Moiety Isolated from Hemidesmus indicus (Anantamul) Root Extract in Experimental Animal Models

Women’s Knowledge, Attitude & Practice Regarding Breastfeeding Attending in Pediatric OPD at 250 Bedded General Hospital, Jashore, Bangladesh