The term photonic crystals appears because of the analogy between electron waves in crystals and the light waves in artificial periodic dielectric structures. During the recent years the investigation of one-, two-and three-dimensional periodic structures has attracted a widespread attention of the world optics community because of great potentiality of such structures in advanced applied optical fields. The interest in periodic structures has been stimulated by the fast development of semiconductor technology that now allows the fabrication of artificial structures, whose period is comparable with the wavelength of light in the visible and infrared ranges.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/6354/16969/00781867.pdf

Photonic crystals

http://sealight.persiangig.com/document/1.pdf

Use of iron oxide nanomaterials in wastewater treatment: a review.

Application and modification of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes – A review

Magnetic separations at very low magnetic field gradients (<100 tesla per meter) can now be applied to diverse problems, such as point-of-use water purification and the simultaneous separation of complex mixtures. High-surface area and monodisperse magnetite (Fe3O4) nanocrystals (NCs) were shown to respond to low fields in a size-dependent fashion. The particles apparently do not act independently in the separation but rather reversibly aggregate through the resulting high-field gradients present at their surfaces. Using the high specific surface area of Fe3O4 NCs that were 12 nanometers in diameter, we reduced the mass of waste associated with arsenic removal from water by orders of magnitude. Additionally, the size dependence of magnetic separation permitted mixtures of 4- and 12-nanometer-sized Fe3O4 NCs to be separated by the application of different magnetic fields.

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/314/5801/964.full.pdf

Low-Field Magnetic Separation of Monodisperse Fe3O4 Nanocrystals

The controversy related to the environment pollution is increasing in human life and in the eco-system. Especially, the water pollution is growing rapidly due to the wastewater discharge from the industries. The only way to find the new water resource is the reuse of treated wastewater. Several remediation technologies are available which provides a convenience to reuse the reclaimed wastewater. Heavy metals like Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd, Hg, etc. contributes various environmental problems based on their toxicity. These toxic metals are exposed to human and environment, the accumulation of ions takes place which causes serious health and environmental hazards. Hence, it is a major concern in the environment. Due to this concern, the significance of developing technology for removing heavy metals has been increased. This paper contributes the outline of new literature with two objectives. First, it provides the sketch about treatment technologies followed by their heavy metal capture capacity from industrial effluent. The treatment performance, their remediation capacity and probable environmental and health impacts were deliberated in this review article. Conclusively, this review paper furnishes the information about the important methods incorporated in lab scale studies which are required to identify the feasible and convenient wastewater treatment. Moreover, attempts have been made to confer the emphasis on sequestration of heavy metals from industrial effluent and establish the scientific background for reducing the discharge of heavy metals into the environment.

Efficient techniques for the removal of toxic heavy metals from aquatic environment: A review

Water purification using magnetic assistance: a review.

Membrane purification in radioactive waste management: a short review.

Nano-aggregates of hexacyanoferrate (II)-loaded magnetite for removal of cesium from radioactive wastes

Magnetic nanoparticles have been prepared by various soft chemical methods including self-assembly. The bare or surface-modified particles find applications in areas such as hyperthermia treatment of cancer and magnetic field-assisted radioactive chemical separation. We present here some of the salient features of processing of nanostructured magnetic materials of different sizes and shapes, their properties and some possible applications. The materials studied included metals, metal-ceramic composites, and ferrites.

Processing, properties and some novel applications of magnetic nanoparticles

A novel method for the degradation of tributyl phosphate was investigated through the use of nanopowders of iron and iron–nickel. A combination of magnetic field and sonication was used to induce degradation. Using a tributyl phosphate concentration of 300 ppm at pH 4, the Fenton reaction was initiated in the presence of sonication and a reduction in organic carbon content of up to 50% could be created under an induced magnetic field of 0.7 T. The magnetic properties of powders after sonication treatment, in the presence and absence of a magnetic field, were observed to be different. Different degradation mechanisms were proposed under the influence of varying induced magnetic field for iron and iron–nickel.

/pdf/degradation-of-tributyl-phosphate-using-nanopowders-of-iron-imhx1yp9ye.pdf

Ritu D. Ambashta

Papers

Water purification using magnetic assistance: a review.

Membrane purification in radioactive waste management: a short review.

Nano-aggregates of hexacyanoferrate (II)-loaded magnetite for removal of cesium from radioactive wastes

Processing, properties and some novel applications of magnetic nanoparticles

Degradation of Tributyl Phosphate Using Nanopowders of Iron and Iron-Nickel under the Influence of a Static Magnetic Field