Showing papers by "Robert H. Shoemaker published in 1989"
TL;DR: This study developed a key methodological tool, the mean graph, which allowed the transformation of the numerical cell line response data into graphic patterns that were particularly expressive of differential cell growth inhibition.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to develop and investigate an approach to optimally detect, rank, display, and analyze patterns of differential growth inhibition among cultured cell lines. Such patterns of cellular responsiveness are produced by substances tested in vitro against disease-oriented panels of human tumor cell lines in a new anticancer screening model under development by the National Cancer Institute. In the first phase of the study, we developed a key methodological tool, the mean graph, which allowed the transformation of the numerical cell line response data into graphic patterns. These patterns were particularly expressive of differential cell growth inhibition and were conveniently amenable to further analyses by an algorithm we devised and implemented in the COMPARE computer program.
928 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an effective and optimally safe microculture method for rapid and convenient assay of the in vitro cytopathic effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) on human lymphoblastoid or other suitable host cells.
Abstract: We have developed an effective and optimally safe microculture method for rapid and convenient assay of the in vitro cytopathic effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) on human lymphoblastoid or other suitable host cells. The assay procedure is applicable to the evaluation of drug effects on in vitro infections induced directly in cultured host cells by cell-free HIV-1 or by coculture with H9 cells chronically infected with HIV-1. The assay uses a newly developed tetrazolium reagent that is metabolically reduced by viable cells to yield a soluble, colored formazan product measurable by conventional colorimetric techniques. This simple microassay minimizes the number of plate manipulations typically required with other assay methods and, coupled with computerized data collection and analysis, facilitates large-scale screening of agents for potential antiviral activity. To support and enhance the discovery of new anti-HIV-1 agents, the National Cancer Institute is offering investigators worldwide the opportunity to submit new candidate agents for anti-HIV-1 screening with this method.
725 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reported that incorporation of a liver subcellular fraction (S9) into a recently established cell growth inhibition assay (microculture tetrazolium assay) significantly increased the cytotoxicity of cyclophosphamide.
8 citations