nouns or of photographs of faces. This difference in roles of the two hemispheres was to be tested by using right-handed and left-handed Ss. The results were negative, but also the hypotheses were weak. Does a recognition task not always involve the dominant hemisphere? By considering large groups of Ss having brain lesions in widely differing areas , and by subjecting them to a test battery (involving manipulation of temporal concepts estimating time periods , sequence of events , judging and producing short and long intervals singly and in pairs), Bruyer & Bontemps­ Devogel (1979) found that by comparison with a control group, the Ss with lesions showed a lower level of performance . The group with frontal lesions showed a marked disability. A final point to indicate, and it is merely a confIrmation, is that there is no relationship between the alpha rhythm and temporal estimations (Adam et al 1971) . However, Coffin & Ganz ( 1 977) found in the estimation of a 5 sec task a high correlation between the estima­ tions and the weighted mean frequency of the EEG close to the alpha fre­

https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.ps.35.020184.000245

Perception and estimation of time.

Publisher Summary Accurate knowledge of the overall convective heat transfer from circular cylinders is of importance in a number of fields, such as boiler design, hotwire anemometry, and the rating of electrical conductors. The wide dispersion in the published experimental data for the heat transfer from smooth circular cylinders by natural and forced convection is attributed to various factors associated with the experiments. The error due to heat conduction to the supports is particularly important with natural convection, especially where the heat loss and the temperature rise of the cylinder are calculated from the voltage drop across it. A common cause of error is the use of too small a space ratio, so that the temperature and velocity fields are distorted. To reduce this error to less than l%, the space ratio D c /D for natural convection or D T /D for forced convection should exceed 100. The error caused by blockage with wind tunnel measurements can be calculated depending on the type of tunnel. One of the greatest sources of error with forced convection is the failure to allow for the effect of stream turbulence.

The Overall Convective Heat Transfer from Smooth Circular Cylinders

We report the use of free-standing, lightweight, and highly conductive ultrathin graphite foam (UGF), loaded with lithium iron phosphate (LFP), as a cathode in a lithium ion battery. At a high charge/discharge current density of 1280 mA g–1, the specific capacity of the LFP loaded on UGF was 70 mAh g–1, while LFP loaded on Al foil failed. Accounting for the total mass of the electrode, the maximum specific capacity of the UGF/LFP cathode was 23% higher than that of the Al/LFP cathode and 170% higher than that of the Ni-foam/LFP cathode. Using UGF, both a higher rate capability and specific capacity can be achieved simultaneously, owing to its conductive (∼1.3 × 105 S m–1 at room temperature) and three-dimensional lightweight (∼9.5 mg cm–3) graphitic structure. Meanwhile, UGF presents excellent electrochemical stability comparing to that of Al and Ni foils, which are generally used as conductive substrates in lithium ion batteries. Moreover, preparation of the UGF electrode was facile, cost-effective, and ...

/pdf/ultrathin-graphite-foam-a-three-dimensional-conductive-40o4zt227l.pdf

Ultrathin graphite foam: a three-dimensional conductive network for battery electrodes.

[1] Experiments were conducted to study the temporal evolution of feldspar crystallization kinetics during isothermal decompression. Pinatubo dacite was held at 780°C, 220 MPa, fO2 = NNO + 2, H2O-saturated conditions for an equilibration period, decompressed to final pressures, Pf, ranging from 175 to 5 MPa, and then held for 0.3–931 hours. According to the plagioclase liquidus curve in PH2O-T space for the relevant melt composition, these decompressions impose effective undercoolings, ΔTeff, of 34–266°C. Growth of preexisting phenocrysts and newly formed sparse microlites dominate crystallization at 75 ≤ Pf < 150 MPa (ΔTeff = 34–93°C), and equilibrium crystal modes are achieved in <168 hours. Microlite nucleation is the dominant transformation process for 10 < Pf < 50 MPa (ΔTeff = 125–241°C), and chemical equilibrium is not attained by 168 hours under these conditions. Slow, steady decompressions typically produced normally zoned, euhedral, and planar-faceted feldspar crystals, although anhedral morphologies were produced at very low Pf. Contrary to expectation, slowly decompressed samples were usually further from chemical equilibrium than rapidly decompressed samples after similar durations below the initial pressure. Although counterintuitive, these trends are consistent with new constraints on the relative rates of feldspar nucleation and growth (controlled by ΔTeff and melt viscosity) experienced during each decompression path. Analysis of liquid to solid transformation kinetics using TTT-style diagrams shows that crystallization occurs most rapidly at ∼100 MPa by a crystal growth mechanism. The next most efficient crystallization conditions are at 25 MPa, in a crystal nucleation-dominated regime.

/pdf/an-experimental-study-of-the-kinetics-of-decompression-2luqgu7wk2.pdf

An experimental study of the kinetics of decompression-induced crystallization in silicic melt

A new experimental method is presented using fluorescein dye to determine the spatial and temporal variations of the liquid volume fraction in aqueous foams This method is used for quantitative studies of liquid redistribution (drainage) in three types of experiments: forced, free, and pulsed drainage Characteristic quantities, such as the drainage velocity, show power-law dependences on experimental parameters that are inconsistent with traditional foam drainage models based on Poiseuille-type flow in the liquid-carrying channels (Plateau borders) of the foam To obtain a theoretical description, the foam drainage equation is generalized using an energy argument which accounts for viscous dissipation in both the channels and the nodes (or vertices, which are the junctions of four channels) of the liquid network Good agreement with results for all three types of drainage experiments is found when using this new model in the limit where the dissipation is dominated by the nodes

https://www.princeton.edu/%7Estonelab/Publications/pdfs/From%20Howard/Langmuir/KoehlerLangmuir00.pdf

A Generalized View of Foam Drainage: Experiment and Theory

A theoretical model for interstitial liquid flow in a stationary or moving foam was devised by relating the physical structure of the foam to the physical properties of the surfactant and the foam movement. This was accomplished through a differential momentum balance within a typical capillary (Plateau border) of noncircular cross section with finite surface viscosity at its boundaries. Velocity profiles were then calculated and integrated numerically for the randomly oriented capillaries so as to obtain the overall liquid flow through the foam in terms of the pertinent variables. Results are presented in a form suitable for estimating concentrations and flow rates of product and waste streams in foam fractionation.

A study of interstitial liquid flow in foam. Part I. Theoretical model and application to foam fractionation

A theory for the limiting conductivity of polyhedral foam at low density

The determination of foam bubble size by planimetric measurement of the area of the contact face a the glass wall of a column containing essentially homogeneous new foam yielded excellent agreement with the bubble size as known a priori. Furthermore, the said determination proved to be more reliable than measurement based on either the longest chord or the commonly employed longest median of the contact face. However, for highly heterogeneous new foam, all three measures of foam bubble size underestimated the true mean. Apparently, small bubbles wedge large bubbles away from the wall. The effects are presented quantitatively, along with correlations for their approximate prediction.

Errors in the measurement of bubble size distribution in foam

Prediction of Changes in Bubble Size Distribution Due to Interbubble Gas Diffusion in Foam

A quantitative theoretical model for the subjective acceleration of time with aging is presented. It is based on a new hypothesis, namely, that the subjective duration of an interval of real time decreases in mathematical proportion to total subjective time (rather than total real time). This gives a differential equation, the variables of which are separated and integrated to yield the result that the subjective duration of an interval of real time varies inversely with the square root of the total real time (age). This result was tested by polling college students and older adults as to their recollections regarding the relative apparent rate of the passage of time at various ages. Generally good agreement was obtained between the results of the poll and the results predicted by the theory.

Robert Lemlich

Papers

A study of interstitial liquid flow in foam. Part I. Theoretical model and application to foam fractionation

A theory for the limiting conductivity of polyhedral foam at low density

Errors in the measurement of bubble size distribution in foam

Prediction of Changes in Bubble Size Distribution Due to Interbubble Gas Diffusion in Foam

Subjective acceleration of time with aging.