Ionic liquids are salts that are liquid at low temperature (<100 degrees C) which represent a new class of solvents with nonmolecular, ionic character. Even though the first representative has been known since 1914, ionic liquids have only been investigated as solvents for transition metal catalysis in the past ten years. Publications to date show that replacing an organic solvent by an ionic liquid can lead to remarkable improvements in well-known processes. Ionic liquids form biphasic systems with many organic product mixtures. This gives rise to the possibility of a multiphase reaction procedure with easy isolation and recovery of homogeneous catalysts. In addition, ionic liquids have practically no vapor pressure which facilitates product separation by distillation. There are also indications that switching from a normal organic solvent to an ionic liquid can lead to novel and unusual chemical reactivity. This opens up a wide field for future investigations into this new class of solvents in catalytic applications.

Ionic Liquids-New "Solutions" for Transition Metal Catalysis.

Characterization and comparison of hydrophilic and hydrophobic room temperature ionic liquids incorporating the imidazolium cation

http://yaghi.berkeley.edu/pdfPublications/04MOFs.pdf

Metal-organic frameworks: a new class of porous materials

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is broadly recognised as having the potential to play a key role in meeting climate change targets, delivering low carbon heat and power, decarbonising industry and, more recently, its ability to facilitate the net removal of CO2 from the atmosphere. However, despite this broad consensus and its technical maturity, CCS has not yet been deployed on a scale commensurate with the ambitions articulated a decade ago. Thus, in this paper we review the current state-of-the-art of CO2 capture, transport, utilisation and storage from a multi-scale perspective, moving from the global to molecular scales. In light of the COP21 commitments to limit warming to less than 2 °C, we extend the remit of this study to include the key negative emissions technologies (NETs) of bioenergy with CCS (BECCS), and direct air capture (DAC). Cognisant of the non-technical barriers to deploying CCS, we reflect on recent experience from the UK's CCS commercialisation programme and consider the commercial and political barriers to the large-scale deployment of CCS. In all areas, we focus on identifying and clearly articulating the key research challenges that could usefully be addressed in the coming decade.

/pdf/carbon-capture-and-storage-ccs-the-way-forward-11rgsqyer0.pdf

Carbon capture and storage (CCS): the way forward

Polycatenation, polythreading and polyknotting in coordination network chemistry

Supramolecular networks via pyridine N-oxide CH···O hydrogen bonding in the crystal structures of 2,2′-dithiobis(pyridine N-oxide) and its complexes with 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene and pyromellitic dianhydride

Conformational Analysis of Poly(spirotetrahydrofuranyl)cyclohexyl Systems. The Preference of Multiple C−O Bonds for Equatorial Occupancy

Benzonitrile co-ordinated to a metal–metal bonded dirhenium core has been shown to undergo hydrolysis in ethanol solvent systems to form benzamidate and remains co-ordinated to the dirhenium core as a bridging ligand. The compounds [NBu4][Re2Cl6{µ-PhC(O)NH}]·0.5CH2Cl2 1 and [Re2Cl4(µ-dppm)2{µ-PhC(O)NH}] 2, where dppm is bis(diphenylphosphino)methane, were synthesized from the reaction of [NBu4]2[Re2Cl8] in an ethanol solvent system with benzonitrile containing 3% water. While compound 1 is the hydrolysis product of the reaction of [NBu4]2[Re2Cl8] with benzonitrile, 2 arises from the reduction of 1 upon co-ordination of the bidentate phosphine ligand dppm. The structures of 1 and 2 were determined by X-ray crystallography and the compounds characterized by a variety of spectroscopic methods.

Synthesis of dirhenium species with benzamidate ligands via hydrolysis of benzonitrile

Lanthanide complexes with tetrahydrofuran-2,3,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid: the effect of ligand rigidity on cation size-selectivity

A series of hetero 2,3-dispiro cyclohexanones has been prepared. The conformations of the syn and anti isomers were assessed in the solid state, in solution, and in the gas phase (the latter by molecular mechanics calculations). The results are discussed in the light of steric, dipole, and gauche interactions; steric contributions give evidence of controlling ΔG eq . On a different front, the syn/anti pairs were found to interconvert when heated in the presence of a catalytic amount of acid. Three representative examples of these chiral molecules were resolved and complete racemization was observed to result under the conditions of equilibration

Analysis of the Conformational Nature, Resolvability, and Thermal Racemization of Hetero 2,3-Dispiro Cyclohexanones. The Weighting of Carbonyl/C-X Stabilization Relative to the Electronic Interaction between the Vicinal Electronegative Substituents

Robin D. Rogers

Papers

Supramolecular networks via pyridine N-oxide CH···O hydrogen bonding in the crystal structures of 2,2′-dithiobis(pyridine N-oxide) and its complexes with 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene and pyromellitic dianhydride

Conformational Analysis of Poly(spirotetrahydrofuranyl)cyclohexyl Systems. The Preference of Multiple C−O Bonds for Equatorial Occupancy

Synthesis of dirhenium species with benzamidate ligands via hydrolysis of benzonitrile

Lanthanide complexes with tetrahydrofuran-2,3,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid: the effect of ligand rigidity on cation size-selectivity

Analysis of the Conformational Nature, Resolvability, and Thermal Racemization of Hetero 2,3-Dispiro Cyclohexanones. The Weighting of Carbonyl/C-X Stabilization Relative to the Electronic Interaction between the Vicinal Electronegative Substituents