The Internet has led to the creation of a digital society, where (almost) everything is connected and is accessible from anywhere. However, despite their widespread adoption, traditional IP networks are complex and very hard to manage. It is both difficult to configure the network according to predefined policies, and to reconfigure it to respond to faults, load, and changes. To make matters even more difficult, current networks are also vertically integrated: the control and data planes are bundled together. Software-defined networking (SDN) is an emerging paradigm that promises to change this state of affairs, by breaking vertical integration, separating the network's control logic from the underlying routers and switches, promoting (logical) centralization of network control, and introducing the ability to program the network. The separation of concerns, introduced between the definition of network policies, their implementation in switching hardware, and the forwarding of traffic, is key to the desired flexibility: by breaking the network control problem into tractable pieces, SDN makes it easier to create and introduce new abstractions in networking, simplifying network management and facilitating network evolution. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey on SDN. We start by introducing the motivation for SDN, explain its main concepts and how it differs from traditional networking, its roots, and the standardization activities regarding this novel paradigm. Next, we present the key building blocks of an SDN infrastructure using a bottom-up, layered approach. We provide an in-depth analysis of the hardware infrastructure, southbound and northbound application programming interfaces (APIs), network virtualization layers, network operating systems (SDN controllers), network programming languages, and network applications. We also look at cross-layer problems such as debugging and troubleshooting. In an effort to anticipate the future evolution of this new paradigm, we discuss the main ongoing research efforts and challenges of SDN. In particular, we address the design of switches and control platforms—with a focus on aspects such as resiliency, scalability, performance, security, and dependability—as well as new opportunities for carrier transport networks and cloud providers. Last but not least, we analyze the position of SDN as a key enabler of a software-defined environment.

https://publications.uni.lu/bitstream/10993/20596/1/survey_on_SDN.pdf

Software-Defined Networking: A Comprehensive Survey

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is an emerging paradigm that promises to change this state of affairs, by breaking vertical integration, separating the network's control logic from the underlying routers and switches, promoting (logical) centralization of network control, and introducing the ability to program the network. The separation of concerns introduced between the definition of network policies, their implementation in switching hardware, and the forwarding of traffic, is key to the desired flexibility: by breaking the network control problem into tractable pieces, SDN makes it easier to create and introduce new abstractions in networking, simplifying network management and facilitating network evolution. In this paper we present a comprehensive survey on SDN. We start by introducing the motivation for SDN, explain its main concepts and how it differs from traditional networking, its roots, and the standardization activities regarding this novel paradigm. Next, we present the key building blocks of an SDN infrastructure using a bottom-up, layered approach. We provide an in-depth analysis of the hardware infrastructure, southbound and northbound APIs, network virtualization layers, network operating systems (SDN controllers), network programming languages, and network applications. We also look at cross-layer problems such as debugging and troubleshooting. In an effort to anticipate the future evolution of this new paradigm, we discuss the main ongoing research efforts and challenges of SDN. In particular, we address the design of switches and control platforms -- with a focus on aspects such as resiliency, scalability, performance, security and dependability -- as well as new opportunities for carrier transport networks and cloud providers. Last but not least, we analyze the position of SDN as a key enabler of a software-defined environment.

Display screen with icon

Display screen or portion thereof with graphical user interface

Traditional standalone embedded system is limited in their functionality, flexibility, and scalability. Fog computing platform, characterized by pushing the cloud services to the network edge, is a promising solution to support and strengthen traditional embedded system. Resource management is always a critical issue to the system performance. In this paper, we consider a fog computing supported software-defined embedded system, where task images lay in the storage server while computations can be conducted on either embedded device or a computation server. It is significant to design an efficient task scheduling and resource management strategy with minimized task completion time for promoting the user experience. To this end, three issues are investigated in this paper: 1) how to balance the workload on a client device and computation servers, i.e., task scheduling, 2) how to place task images on storage servers, i.e., resource management, and 3) how to balance the I/O interrupt requests among the storage servers. They are jointly considered and formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem. To deal with its high computation complexity, a computation-efficient solution is proposed based on our formulation and validated by extensive simulation based studies.

Joint Optimization of Task Scheduling and Image Placement in Fog Computing Supported Software-Defined Embedded System

During the past few years, enterprises have been increasingly aggressive in moving mission-critical and performance-sensitive applications to the cloud, while at the same time many new mobile, social, and analytics applications are directly developed and operated on cloud computing platforms. These two movements are encouraging the shift of the value proposition of cloud computing from cost reduction to simultaneous agility and optimization. These requirements (agility and optimization) are driving the recent disruptive trend of software defined computing, for which the entire computing infrastructure--compute, storage and network--is becoming software defined and dynamically programmable. The key elements within software defined environments include capability-based resource abstraction, goal-based and policy-based workload definition, and outcome-based continuous mapping of the workload to the available resources. Furthermore, software defined environments provide the tooling and capabilities to compose workloads from existing components that are then continuously and autonomously mapped onto the underlying programmable infrastructure. These elements enable software defined environments to achieve agility, efficiency, and continuous outcome-optimized provisioning and management, plus continuous assurance for resiliency and security. This paper provides an overview and introduction to the key elements and challenges of software defined environments.

/pdf/software-defined-environments-an-introduction-3jj19sr6bi.pdf

Software defined environments: an introduction

A method and system in a data processing system for customizing a graphic user interface environment by utilizing graphic manipulation of selected graphic user interface elements in order to initiate the installation of optional functions and/or features. A graphical user interface element within a graphic user interface is displayed within a first region of a display screen. A data processing system user is then permitted to temporarily remove the graphical user interface element from that first region of the display screen by temporarily rendering that graphic user interface element transparent or by temporarily displaying that graphic user interface element within an alternate region within the display screen. Thereafter, a selected area is designated within the first region, and a user-selectable object which is representative of an optional function and/or feature is displayed at the selected area within the first region, in response to that designation. The graphical user interface element is then restored to the first region, and the user-selectable object is thereafter displayed at the selected area within the graphical user interface element, thereby enabling a user to customize the graphical user interface element by adding an object within an existing element of a graphic user interface which represents an optional function and/or feature within the graphic user interface element.

Method and system for customizing a data processing system graphical user interface

The present invention is a system, method and apparatus for for real-time blogging. In a preferred aspect of the invention, a real-time bi-directional blogging system can include a blog and a bi-directional syndication interface to the blog. Importantly, an instant messaging system can be coupled to the syndication interface of the blog. The instant messaging system of the present invention can include a chat server and at least one chat client. Notably, a bot can be coupled to the chat server. The bot can be programmed to communicate blog postings received in the chat server to the chat client or clients. The bot can be further programmed to communicate responses to the blog postings received from the chat client or clients to the blog through the syndication interface.

Real-time blog interaction

A method and system for graphically indicating dynamic data links between a plurality of data objects, which are displayed in a data processing system, wherein the data processing system includes a graphic user interface environment for providing dynamic data exchange utilizing the dynamic data links between the data objects. The method and system includes displaying at least one connection icon in association with each of the data objects that are capable of providing dynamic data exchange utilizing dynamic data links. The display of each connection icon is altered in response to a variation in status of a dynamic data link with the associated data object, wherein a graphic indication of dynamic data links in the data processing system is provided.

Dynamic data link interface in a graphic user interface

There is a method and system for capability-based resource allocation in a software-defined environment that performs the following steps (not necessarily in the following order): (i) determining a set of capability characteristics for a plurality of workload resources within a software-defined environment; (ii) determining a set of workload components for a specified workload; and (iii) identifying a set of workload resources from the plurality of workload resources to allocate to the specified workload based, at least in part, on the set of capability characteristics corresponding to each workload within the set of workload resources. A workload component of the set of workload components has a unique set of workload characteristics.

Rodney A. Smith

Papers

Software defined environments: an introduction

Method and system for customizing a data processing system graphical user interface

Real-time blog interaction

Dynamic data link interface in a graphic user interface

Capability-based abstraction of software-defined infrastructure