Common European Framework of Reference for Languagesの意義を考える : 日本の英語教育関係者の連携のために

On the nature of

http://neurocog.ull.es/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Vigliocco-Vinson-Druks-Barber-Cappa-2011.pdf

Nouns and verbs in the brain: A review of behavioural, electrophysiological, neuropsychological and imaging studies

Brain Oscillations and the Importance of Waveform Shape

Age of acquisition and imageability ratings were collected for 2,645 words, including 892 verbs and 213 function words. Words that were ambiguous as to grammatical category were disambiguated: Verbs were shown in their infinitival form, and nouns (where appropriate) were preceded by the indefinite article (such asto crack anda crack). Subjects were speakers of British English selected from a wide age range, so that differences in the responses across age groups could be compared. Within the subset of early acquired noun/verb homonyms, the verb forms were rated as later acquired than the nouns, and the verb homonyms of high-image ability nouns were rated as significantly less imageable than their noun counterparts. A small number of words received significantly earlier or later age of acquisition ratings when the 20–40 years and 50–80 years age groups were compared. These tend to comprise words that have come to be used more frequently in recent years (either through technological advances or social change), or those that have fallen out of common usage. Regression analyses showed that although word length, familiarity, and concreteness make independent contributions to the age of acquisition measure, frequency and imageability are the most important predictors of rated age of acquisition.

/pdf/age-of-acquisition-and-imageability-ratings-for-a-large-set-1eo739dcli.pdf

Age of acquisition and imageability ratings for a large set of words, including verbs and function words.

This paper presents the case of a 17-year-old right-handed Belgian boy with developmental FAS and comorbid developmental apraxia of speech (DAS). Extensive neuropsychological and neurolinguistic investigations demonstrated a normal IQ but impaired planning (visuo-constructional dyspraxia). A Tc-99m-ECD SPECT revealed a significant hypoperfusion in the prefrontal and medial frontal regions, as well as in the lateral temporal regions. Hypoperfusion in the right cerebellum almost reached significance. It is hypothesized that these clinical findings support the view that FAS and DAS are related phenomena following impairment of the cerebro-cerebellar network.

/pdf/developmental-foreign-accent-syndrome-report-of-a-new-case-2yllsms4ct.pdf

Developmental Foreign Accent Syndrome : Report of a new case

The production of verbs in an action naming test and in spontaneous speech was evaluated in 16 aphasic patients: eight agrammatics and eight anomics. Action naming was also compared to object naming. The action naming test was controlled for factors known to be relevant for verb retrieval (i.e. word frequency, instrumentality, name-relation to a noun, transitivity and argument structure) and the objects were related to the verbs and chosen to match the verbs as precisely as possible on word frequency. For both aphasic subgroups object naming was better than action naming and there was no difference between agrammatics and anomics, neither in object naming, nor in action naming. In spontaneous speech, both agrammatics and anomics differed from normal controls on ‘verb diversity’ furthermore the agrammatics were significantly worse than normal speakers (and the anomics) in verb inflection and the proportion of verbs produced without internal argument was higher than in normal speakers (and in anomi...

Verb retrieval in action naming and spontaneous speech in agrammatic and anomic aphasia

/pdf/comprehension-and-production-of-verbs-in-aphasic-speakers-2ua47ucu92.pdf

Comprehension and production of verbs in aphasic speakers

In this article two case studies of fluent aphasic speakers are presented. Both patients performed significantly worse on an action-naming task than on an object-naming task, whereas comprehension of verbs was spared. The items of the action-naming test were controlled not only for the well-known factors that may influence word retrieval (e.g. word-frequency and imageability), but also for other variables that might be of relevance-that is, instrumentality, name relation to a noun and transitivity. Although both patients retrieved nouns better than verbs, word class as such did not seem to be the discriminating factor. In one patient name relation to a noun was particularly helpful in verb retrieval (verbs related in name to nouns were retrieved as easily as nouns in general), whereas in the other patient transitivity demonstrated an effect : he retrieved transitive verbs significantly better than intransitive verbs. It will be argued that the often-made distinction between verbs and nouns may be...

Roel Jonkers

Papers

Developmental Foreign Accent Syndrome : Report of a new case

Verb retrieval in action naming and spontaneous speech in agrammatic and anomic aphasia

Comprehension and production of verbs in aphasic speakers

How selective are selective word class deficits? Two case studies of action and object naming

The influence of instrumentalitry and transitivity on action naming in Broca's and anomic aphasia