Showing papers by "Roger G. Kathol published in 1989"
TL;DR: A critical review of the literature suggests that the last hypothesis is most closely supported by the data and factors other than depression may be involved in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction.
Abstract: Four hypotheses have been proposed to explain why nonsuppression on the dexamethasone suppression test occurs in patients with major depression. These include 1) increased metabolism of dexamethasone, 2) decreased sensitivity of pituitary glucocorticoid receptors to dexamethasone, 3) hyperresponsivity of the adrenal gland to ACTH stimulation, and 4) increased central drive of the pituitary from hypothalamic/limbic structures that overrides the action of the dexamethasone. A critical review of the literature suggests that the last hypothesis is most closely supported by the data. Despite this conclusion, factors other than depression may be involved in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction.
116 citations
TL;DR: Findings are consistent with the hypothesis that hypothalamic or supra-hypothalamic overactivity may be involved in the development of HPA-axis abnormalities in patients with depression.
Abstract: Eleven patients with major depression and 12 control subjects were administered corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), aqueous arginine vasopressin (AVP), and insulin hypoglycaemia (IH) to test for differences in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function. Patients with major depression demonstrated lower ACTH responses to CRH when compared with controls, and a trend toward such after administration of AVP. Despite lower ACTH responses in patients with depression, there were no differences in cortisol responses to these stimuli. In the CRH and AVP tests, there was no correlation between the basal cortisol and ACTH responses in either controls or patients, but in the IH test there was a negative correlation between these responses for both groups. The ACTH responses to CRH and AVP were positively correlated in controls and patients. Cortisol responses to all three provocative stimuli were positively correlated in both subject groups. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that hypothalamic or supra-hypothalamic overactivity may be involved in the development of HPA-axis abnormalities in patients with depression.
65 citations
TL;DR: The hypothesis that patients with major depression, whether primary or secondary, and those with agoraphobia excrete more UFC than patients with uncomplicated panic disorder is supported, despite the fact that panic disorder might be expected to raise the stress-responsive hormone cortisol.
42 citations
TL;DR: The program enables residents pursuing straight psychiatry or internal medicine training to participate in a rotational experience requiring that they evaluate and treat patients for illnesses in both specialties under the supervision of both a staff psychiatrist and internist.
10 citations
TL;DR: Male patients had nonsignificantly higher absolute concentrations of CSF albumin and the globulin fractions when compared to male controls, and female patients had significantly lower levels than male patients, which do not suggest monoclonal CSF protein production.
5 citations
TL;DR: Neurobehavioral testing of cerebellar and neuromuscular functioning, and determination of the effect of the drug combinations on the animals' seizure threshold concluded that while theophylline increases lithium clearance, it does not exacerbate lithium neurotoxicity.
Abstract: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups that were treated with various combinations of lithium, saline, and theophylline, i.e., saline/saline, saline/theophylline, lithium/theophyline, and lithium/saline. Neuro-behavioral testing of cerebellar and neuromuscular functioning, and determination of the effect of the drug combinations on the animals' seizure threshold concluded that while theophylline increases lithium clearance, it does not exacerbate lithium neurotoxicity.
3 citations