https://www.surfacesciencewestern.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/ass11_biesinger.pdf

Resolving surface chemical states in XPS analysis of first row transition metals, oxides and hydroxides: Sc, Ti, V, Cu and Zn

The chemistry of heterocyclic carbenes has experienced a rapid development over the last years. In addition to the imidazolin-2-ylidenes, a large number of cyclic diaminocarbenes with different ring sizes have been described. Aside from diaminocarbenes, P-heterocyclic carbenes, and derivatives with only one, or even no heteroatom within the carbene ring are known. New methods for the synthesis of complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene ligands such as the oxidative addition or the metal atom template controlled cyclization of β-functionalized isocyanides have been developed recently. This review summarizes the new developments regarding the synthesis of N-heterocyclic carbenes and their metal complexes.

Heterocyclic Carbenes: Synthesis and Coordination Chemistry

The urgent need of clean and renewable energy drives the exploration of effective strategies to produce molecular hydrogen. With the assistance of highly active non-noble metal electrocatalysts, electrolysis of water is becoming a promising candidate to generate pure hydrogen with low cost and high efficiency. Very recently, transition metal phosphides (TMPs) have been proven to be high performance catalysts with high activity, high stability, and nearly ∼100% Faradic efficiency in not only strong acidic solutions, but also in strong alkaline and neutral media for electrochemical hydrogen evolution. In this tutorial review, an overview of recent development of TMP nanomaterials as catalysts for hydrogen generation with high activity and stability is presented. The effects of phosphorus (P) on HER activity, and their synthetic methods of TMPs are briefly discussed. Then we will demonstrate the specific strategies to further improve the catalytic efficiency and stability of TMPs by structural engineering. Making use of TMPs as cocatalysts and catalysts in photochemical and photoelectrochemical water splitting is also discussed. Finally, some key challenges and issues which should not be ignored during the rapid development of TMPs are pointed out. These strategies and challenges of TMPs are instructive for designing other high-performance non-noble metal catalysts.

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Recent advances in transition metal phosphide nanomaterials: synthesis and applications in hydrogen evolution reaction

In this Communication, we report the topotactic fabrication of self-supported nanoporous cobalt phosphide nanowire arrays on carbon cloth (CoP/CC) via low-temperature phosphidation of the corresponding Co(OH)F/CC precursor. The CoP/CC, as a robust integrated 3D hydrogen-evolving cathode, shows a low onset overpotential of 38 mV and a small Tafel slope of 51 mV dec–1, and it maintains its catalytic activity for at least 80 000 s in acidic media. It needs overpotentials (η) of 67, 100, and 204 mV to attain current densities of 10, 20, and 100 mA cm–2, respectively. Additionally, this electrode offers excellent catalytic performance and durability under neutral and basic conditions.

Self-Supported Nanoporous Cobalt Phosphide Nanowire Arrays: An Efficient 3D Hydrogen-Evolving Cathode over the Wide Range of pH 0–14

The Interaction of Water with Solid Surfaces: Fundamental Aspects Revisited

The binary transition-metal monophosphides CrP, MnP, FeP, and CoP have been studied with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The shifts in phosphorus 2p3/2 core line binding energies relative to that...

Examination of the Bonding in Binary Transition-Metal Monophosphides MP (M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co) by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

The electronic structures of metal-rich binary phosphides M2P and M3P (M = Cr−Ni) have been examined by means of X-ray photoelectron and absorption spectroscopy and compared with those of the monophosphides MP. The P 2p3/2 binding and P K-edge absorption energies decrease with greater ionic character of the M−P bonding and indicate the presence of anionic phosphorus, contrary to previous theoretical assertions but consistent with our previous results. Interatomic effects play a more important role in affecting the energy shifts in these metal-rich phosphides than in the monophosphides, becoming more pronounced with higher metal concentration. Although the M 2p3/2 XPS spectra show no discernible shifts in binding energies, they reveal satellite features whose intensity can be related to metal charge in the Co- and Ni-containing phosphides. In these cases, the metal charge becomes less positive with higher metal concentration. For Ni2P and Ni3P, this trend was confirmed from an analysis of the Ni L-edge and...

Ronald G. Cavell

Papers

Examination of the Bonding in Binary Transition-Metal Monophosphides MP (M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co) by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

X-ray Photoelectron and Absorption Spectroscopy of Metal-Rich Phosphides M2P and M3P (M = Cr−Ni)

A Monomeric Samarium Bis(Iminophosphorano) Chelate Complex with a SmC Bond

Early transition metal and lanthanide bis(iminophosphorano)methandiide complexes; ‘pincer’ and bridging bis(phosphorus) metal carbenes

Novel Metal−Carbon Multiply Bonded Twelve-Electron Complexes of Ti and Zr Supported by a Bis(Phosphoranimine) Chelate