Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism.

Value-added food: Single cell protein

Digestion of food depends on three main factors: (i) the ingested food and the extent to which the food is susceptible to the effects of digestive enzymes, (ii) the activity of the digestive enzymes and (iii) the length of time the food is exposed to the action of the digestive enzymes. Each of these factors is affected by a multitude of secondary factors. The present review highlights the experimental results on the secondary factor, enzymatic activity and possible contribution of the fish gut microbiota in nutrition. It has been suggested that fish gut microbiota might have positive effects to the digestive processes of fish, and these studies have isolated and identified the enzyme-producing microbiota. In addition to Bacillus genera, Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Flavobacterium, Photobacterium, Pseudomonas, Vibrio, Microbacterium, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, unidentified anaerobes and yeast are also suggested to be possible contributors. However, in contrast to endothermic animals, it is difficult to conclude the exact contribution of the gastrointestinal microbiota because of the complexity and variable ecology of the digestive tract of different fish species, the presence of stomach and pyloric caeca and the relative intestinal length. The present review will critically evaluate the results to establish whether or not intestinal microbiota do contribute to fish nutrition.

Enzyme‐producing bacteria isolated from fish gut: a review

Bioactive peptides from marine processing waste and shellfish: A review

https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/44879/1/Perspectives%20on%20fish%20gonadotropins%20and%20their%20receptors%20Levavi%20Sivan%20et%20al%202010%20Gen%20Comp%20Endocrinol.pdf

Perspectives on fish gonadotropins and their receptors.

Actinobacteria isolated from the sediment samples of Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal were used for the study. Morphological and biochemical characterization of the isolates revealed Streptomyces (76%) as the dominant genus followed by Nocardiopsis (24%). Among the carbon sources tested, the hexose sugar glucose and pentose sugar rhamnose were utilized by all the isolates and the least preferred carbon sources were sorbitol (85.22%), lactose (81.3%) and xylose (76.96%). Acid production from carbohydrates varied significantly among the isolates. Hydrolytic enzyme profile revealed that most of the marine actinomycete isolates were capable of gelatinase production (99.13%) followed by DNase (96.09%), lipase (86.96%), phosphatase (84.78%), chitinase (63.48%), pectinase (22.17%) and ligninase (15.22%) producing forms. Melanin production was exhibited by 4% of the Streptomyces isolates. The present study has unraveled the metabolic potential of marine Streptomyces and Nocardiopsis, expanding the scope for the discovery of novel metabolites of marine origin.

Actinobacteria from sediment samples of Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal: Biochemical and physiological characterization

Attempts on producing lymphoid cell line from Penaeus monodon by induction with SV40-T and 12S EIA oncogenes.

Four marine yeasts were used for the study based on their performance in a feeding experiment in Fenneropenaeus indicus viz.,1. Debaryomyces hansenii (S8) 2. Debaryomyces hansenii (S100), 3.Candida sake (S165) and 4.Candida tropicalis (S186). Molasses was the most preferred carbon source by the marine yeasts compared to glucose, sucrose and rice water. Molasses (amount of total sugars 9mg/ml) supplemented with peptone (0.75%), yeast extract (0.5%) and MgSO4 (0.25%) was found to be favouring maximum growth of the four yeast strains tested. Two yeast strains (S8 & S186) showed their maximum growth at 30ppt salinity and the other two (S100 & S165) at 25ppt and 20ppt respectively. pH6 was found to be most favourable for growth. This study shows that molasses supplemented with peptone and yeast extract could be used as a good production medium for large scale production of yeast biomass.

Original Article A MOLASSES BASED FERMENTATION MEDIUM FOR MARINE YEAST BIOMASS PRODUCTION

Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of a penaeidin-like antimicrobial peptide, Fi-penaeidin from Fenneropenaeus indicus

Hepcidin is cysteine-rich short peptide of innate immune system of fishes, equipped to perform prevention and proliferation of invading pathogens like bacteria and viruses by limiting iron availability and activating intracellular cascades. Hepcidins are diverse in teleost fishes, due to the varied aquatic environments including exposure to pathogens, oxygenation and iron concentration. In the present study, we report a 87-amino acid (aa) preprohepcidin (Hepc-CB1) with a signal peptide of 24 aa, a prodomain of 39 aa and a bioactive mature peptide of 24 aa from the gill mRNA transcripts of the deep-sea fish spinyjaw greeneye, Chlorophthalmus bicornis. Molecular characterisation and phylogenetic analysis categorised the peptide to HAMP2-like group with a mature peptide of 2.53 kDa; a net positive charge (+3) and capacity to form β-hairpin-like structure configured by 8 conserved cysteines. The present work provides new insight into the mass gene duplication events and adaptive evolution of hepcidin isoforms with respect to environmental influences and positive Darwinian selection. This work reports a novel hepcidin isoform under the group HAMP2 from a non-acanthopterygian deep-sea fish, C. bicornis.

https://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/purl/4071/A%20Novel%20Isoform%20of%20the%20Hepatic%20Antimicrobial%20Peptide,%20Hepcidin%20(Hepc-CB1),%20from%20a%20Deep-Sea%20Fish,%20the%20Spinyjaw%20Greeneye%20Chlorophthalmus%20bicornis%20(Norman,%201939)%20MolecularCharacterisation%20and%20Phylo.pdf;sequence=1

A Novel Isoform of the Hepatic Antimicrobial Peptide, Hepcidin (Hepc-CB1), from a Deep-Sea Fish, the Spinyjaw Greeneye Chlorophthalmus bicornis (Norman, 1939): Molecular Characterisation and Phylogeny

Rosamma Philip

Papers

Actinobacteria from sediment samples of Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal: Biochemical and physiological characterization

Attempts on producing lymphoid cell line from Penaeus monodon by induction with SV40-T and 12S EIA oncogenes.

Original Article A MOLASSES BASED FERMENTATION MEDIUM FOR MARINE YEAST BIOMASS PRODUCTION

Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of a penaeidin-like antimicrobial peptide, Fi-penaeidin from Fenneropenaeus indicus

A Novel Isoform of the Hepatic Antimicrobial Peptide, Hepcidin (Hepc-CB1), from a Deep-Sea Fish, the Spinyjaw Greeneye Chlorophthalmus bicornis (Norman, 1939): Molecular Characterisation and Phylogeny