Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism.

Value-added food: Single cell protein

Digestion of food depends on three main factors: (i) the ingested food and the extent to which the food is susceptible to the effects of digestive enzymes, (ii) the activity of the digestive enzymes and (iii) the length of time the food is exposed to the action of the digestive enzymes. Each of these factors is affected by a multitude of secondary factors. The present review highlights the experimental results on the secondary factor, enzymatic activity and possible contribution of the fish gut microbiota in nutrition. It has been suggested that fish gut microbiota might have positive effects to the digestive processes of fish, and these studies have isolated and identified the enzyme-producing microbiota. In addition to Bacillus genera, Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Flavobacterium, Photobacterium, Pseudomonas, Vibrio, Microbacterium, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, unidentified anaerobes and yeast are also suggested to be possible contributors. However, in contrast to endothermic animals, it is difficult to conclude the exact contribution of the gastrointestinal microbiota because of the complexity and variable ecology of the digestive tract of different fish species, the presence of stomach and pyloric caeca and the relative intestinal length. The present review will critically evaluate the results to establish whether or not intestinal microbiota do contribute to fish nutrition.

Enzyme‐producing bacteria isolated from fish gut: a review

Bioactive peptides from marine processing waste and shellfish: A review

https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/44879/1/Perspectives%20on%20fish%20gonadotropins%20and%20their%20receptors%20Levavi%20Sivan%20et%20al%202010%20Gen%20Comp%20Endocrinol.pdf

Perspectives on fish gonadotropins and their receptors.

Marine yeast Candida aquaetextoris S527 as a potential immunostimulant in black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon.

A packed bed bioreactor (PBBR) was devel- oped for rapid establishment of nitrification in brackish water hatchery systems in the tropics. The reactors were activated by immobilizing ammonia-oxidizing (AMON- PCU-1) and nitrite-oxidizing (NIONPCU-1) bacterial consortia on polystyrene and low-density polyethylene beads, respectively. Fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrated the presence of autotrophic nitrifiers belong to Nitrosococcus mobilis, lineage of b ammonia oxidizers and nitrite oxidizer Nitrobacter sp. in the consortia. The activated reactors upon integration to the hatchery system resulted in significant ammonia removal (P \ 0.01) cul- minating to its undetectable levels. Consequently, a significantly higher percent survival of larvae was observed in the larval production systems. With spent water the reactors could establish nitrification with high percentage removal of ammonia (78%), nitrite (79%) and BOD (56%) within 7 days of initiation of the process. PBBR is con- figured in such a way to minimize the energy requirements for continuous operation by limiting the energy inputs to a single stage pumping of water and aeration to the aeration cells. The PBBR shall enable hatchery systems to operate under closed recirculating mode and pave the way for better water management in the aquaculture industry.

/pdf/activated-packed-bed-bioreactor-for-rapid-nitrification-in-48fh5u1idt.pdf

Activated packed bed bioreactor for rapid nitrification in brackish water hatchery systems

Aim: To develop a new medium for enhanced production of biomass of an aquaculture probiotic Pseudomonas MCCB 103 and its antagonistic phenazine compound, pyocyanin. Methods and Results: Carbon and nitrogen sources and growth factors, such as amino acids and vitamins, were screened initially in a mineral medium for the biomass and antagonistic compound of Pseudomonas MCCB 103. The selected ingredients were further optimized using a full-factorial central composite design of the response surface methodology. The medium optimized as per the model for biomass contained mannitol (20 g l )1 ), glycerol (20 g l )1 ), sodium chloride (5 g l )1 ), urea (3AE 3gl )1 ) and mineral salts solution (20 ml l )1 ), and the one optimized for the antagonistic compound contained mannitol (2 g l )1 ), glycerol (20 g l )1 ), sodium chloride (5AE 1gl )1 ), urea (3AE 6gl )1 ) and mineral salts solution (20 ml l )1 ). Subsequently, the model was validated experimentally with a biomass increase by 19% and fivefold increase of the antagonistic compound. Conclusion: Significant increase in the biomass and antagonistic compound production could be obtained in the new media. Significance and Impact of the Study: Media formulation and optimization are the primary steps involved in bioprocess technology, an attempt not made so far in the production of aquaculture probiotics.

https://sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03149.x

Optimization of carbon and nitrogen sources and growth factors for the production of an aquaculture probiotic (Pseudomonas MCCB 103) using response surface methodology

Surveys for bacteriological analysis of larval samples to isolate the associated vibrios were carried out during 1985^1992, 2001 and 2002 in three diierent hatcheries located on the southwest coast of India. Vibrio isolates were examined for their species diversity, virulence based on haemolysis in prawn blood agar, lipolysis, proteolysis and chitinolysis and antibiotic sensitivity.Vibrio cholerae was the predominant species in the apparently healthy larval samples, whereas V. alginolyticus and V. vulni¢cus dominated during disease and morbidity. No correlation was found between the hydrolytic properties and haemolytic activity of the vibrios associated with the larvae. All isolates were resistant to erythromycin and resistance to oxytetracycline, ampicillin and streptomycin sulphate was prevalent among the larger section of the Vibrio population. This suggested that antibiotic application may not be of much use to protect the larvae from vibriosis. This is the ¢rst report on the diversity of Vibrio species associated with Macrobrachium rosenbergii larvae and their virulence characteristics based on haemolysis in prawn blood agar.

/pdf/vibrios-associated-with-macrobrachium-rosenbergii-de-man-13cmi7pv38.pdf

Vibrios associated with Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879) larvae from three hatcheries on the Indian southwest coast

A marine bacterium, Micrococcus MCCB 104, isolated from hatchery water, demonstrated extracellular antagonistic properties against Vibrio alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. fluviallis, V. nereis, V. proteolyticus, V. mediterranei, V cholerae and Aeromonas sp., bacteria associated with Macrobrachium rosenbergii larval rearing systems. The isolate inhibited the growth of V. alginolyticus during co-culture. The antagonistic component of the extracellular product was heat-stable and insensitive to proteases, lipase, catalase and alpha-amylase. Micrococcus MCCB 104 was demonstrated to be non-pathogenic to M. rosenbergii larvae.

/pdf/a-marine-bacterium-micrococcus-mccb-104-antagonistic-to-dctboqqo62.pdf

Rosamma Philip

Papers

Marine yeast Candida aquaetextoris S527 as a potential immunostimulant in black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon.

Activated packed bed bioreactor for rapid nitrification in brackish water hatchery systems

Optimization of carbon and nitrogen sources and growth factors for the production of an aquaculture probiotic (Pseudomonas MCCB 103) using response surface methodology

Vibrios associated with Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879) larvae from three hatcheries on the Indian southwest coast

A marine bacterium, Micrococcus MCCB 104, antagonistic to vibrios in prawn larval rearing systems