A review of fuzzy cognitive maps in medicine

The overactive bladder (OAB) picture has dramatically changed in the last 20 years. A quarter century ago, this symptom complex did not even exist. Bladder hyperactivity and urgency incontinence were separate entities poorly understood and treated only with the first-generation anti-muscarinic medications, propantheline and oxybutynin. Only in early 2000 came the concept of this syndrome made of four intimately linked symptoms that we today call OAB. With this concept, new pharmacological agents were launched. These new agents may have not dramatically improved symptoms in comparison with older agents, but undeniably have a more tolerable side effect profile, leading to better compliance and adherence. Neuromodulation was introduced a few years later, giving hope to the worst OAB cases, but with a limited applicability due to its cost. A real revolution occurred around 2010 with the demonstration of onabotulinumtoxinA’s efficacy in controlling the symptoms of OAB. Several years passed before it proved its place in the treatment algorithm for OAB. It is definitely time for the Canadian Urological Association (CUA) to produce guidelines to help Canadian urologists better integrate a sequence of investigation, diagnosis, and treatment, which has become more complex over the years.

To do so, the CUA gave a group of experts, Canadian physicians and nurses, the difficult task of putting together a comprehensive document to guide all interested professionals in the management of this interesting and common syndrome, which has so much impact on our patients’ quality of life.

An executive summary of the CUA guideline on OAB is available as an Appendix at www.cuaj.ca.

/pdf/cua-guideline-on-adult-overactive-bladder-4rjymsgrml.pdf

CUA guideline on adult overactive bladder

Our purpose with this study was to verify the restriction of the urinary incontinence (UI) in a woman's daily life, considering the type of incontinence, and find out how women deal with that. It is a secondary analysis of data taken from a previous study that were obtained using open and closed questions. Interviews were held with 164 incontinent inpatients of gynecological and urological clinics of two hospital schools in the city of Campinas, in the State of Sao Paulo, with ages ranging from 25 to 85 years. Of this universe, 104 (64%) indicated one or more restrictions regarding their daily life activities, such as altered sexual (40.9%), social (33.5%), domestic (18.9%) and occupational activities (15.2%). Mixed urinary incon-tinence and urge incontinence were mentioned as that affected the most women's daily life. The disposable pad system was the most utilized strategy in dealing with UI. It was concluded that UI has a negative impact on the daily life of these women.

/pdf/restricoes-causadas-pela-incontinencia-urinaria-a-vida-da-3q4xegjjhe.pdf

Restrições causadas pela incontinência urinária à vida da mulher

Urinary Incontinence Restrictions In Women's Life [restrições Causadas Pela Incontinência Urinária A Vida Da Mulher.]

Computer-aided diagnosis system based on fuzzy logic for breast cancer categorization

Se trata de un estudio de repaso bibliografico con objetivo de identificar los principales factores de riesgo o asociados a la incontinencia urinaria (IU) en la mujer. Se utilizo la base de datos MEDLINE e LILACS y pesquisa en bibliotecas de los articulos publicados entre 1983 e 2003. Fueron analizadas treinta y ocho publicaciones en ingles y portugues, las cuales relataron como los principales factores de riesgo: edad, trauma de piso pelvico, factores hereditarios, raza, menopausia, obesidad, enfermedades cronicas, uso de algunos simpaticomimeticos y parasimpaticoliticos, constipacion, tabaco, consumo de cafeina y ejercicios intensos en la region abdominal. La enfermera puede, por medio de la anamnesia, identificar estos factores y realizar intervenciones para la prevencion y tratamiento de la IU, contribuyendo para mejorar la calidad de vida de la mujer incontinente.

/pdf/factores-de-riesgo-para-incontinencia-urinaria-en-la-mujer-2x19gtsl3b.pdf

Factores de riesgo para incontinencia urinaria en la mujer

Trata-se de um estudo de revisao bibliografica com o objetivo de identificar os principais fatores de risco ou associados a incontinencia urinaria (IU) na mulher. Utilizou-se a base de dados MEDLINE e LILACS e pesquisa em bibliotecas dos artigos publicados entre 1983 e 2003. Foram analisadas trinta e oito publicacoes em ingles e portugues, as quais relataram como os principais fatores de risco: idade, trauma do assoalho pelvico, fatores hereditarios, raca, menopausa, obesidade, doencas cronicas, uso de alguns simpaticomimeticos e parasimpaticoliticos, constipacao, tabagismo, consumo de cafeina e exercicios intensos na regiao abdominal. A enfermeira pode, por meio de anamnese, identificar estes fatores e realizar intervencoes para a prevencao e tratamento da IU, contribuindo para melhorar a qualidade de vida da mulher incontinente.

/pdf/fatores-de-risco-para-incontinencia-urinaria-na-mulher-ctbx3csbt2.pdf

Fatores de risco para incontinência urinária na mulher

The purpose of the present study was to identify and analyze studies in health literature about the psychocultural meanings reported by women who experience urinary incontinence (UI). A bibliographical search was executed in the following databases: Lilacs, Medline, Pubmed and Medscape. The present review showed that studies note several meanings. The articles were grouped in three categories defined as significant: according to age experiences, cultural-religious experiences and experiences in self-care. The studies revealed that the degree of anguish and the range of the difficulties experienced are related both with age, ethnic group or religion and with the perception each individual has of her incontinence, which will lead to different levels of emotional disorders and to seeking (or not seeking) treatment. Besides, barriers regarding self-care are perceived. It is concluded that the UI may cause suffering and incontinent women have difficulties to deal with this problem.

/pdf/psychocultural-meanings-of-urinary-incontinence-in-women-a-55eklfgmos.pdf

Psychocultural meanings of urinary incontinence in women: a review

The aim of this present study was to assess the urinary incontinence (UI) prevalence, and its associate factors among nurse female staff of a school hospital. Of the 378 questionnaires delivered, 291 (77%) were answered, and 80 (27.5%) employers reported complaint UI. The multivariate analysis had shown that there is a more probability of developing UI after 41 years of age, having changed the weight, having intestinal constipation and having arterial hypertension. It was concluded that preventable educational measures are necessary in order warn same factors that caused UI among nursing female staff. Descriptors: Urinary incontinence; Risk factors; Women’s health.

/pdf/fatores-associados-com-a-incontinencia-urinaria-na-mulher-4gqbpegvn9.pdf

Rosângela Higa

Papers

Factores de riesgo para incontinencia urinaria en la mujer

Restrições causadas pela incontinência urinária à vida da mulher

Fatores de risco para incontinência urinária na mulher

Psychocultural meanings of urinary incontinence in women: a review

Fatores associados com a incontinência urinária na mulher