This paper reviews the fundamentals and latest progress of modeling, analysis, and design technologies for signal integrity and electromagnetic compatibility on PCB and package in the past decades. Most results in this field are based on the very rich and highly educational literature produced by Prof. C. Paul in his long scientific career. The inclusion of parameters variability effects is also considered, and it is demonstrated how statistical simulations can become affordable by means of recently-introduced stochastic methods. Finally, the necessity of practical training of designers is mentioned, and an experience relying on realistic PCB demonstrators is illustrated.

Overview of Signal Integrity and EMC Design Technologies on PCB: Fundamentals and Latest Progress

In this paper, a novel approach is proposed to design and explore a class of triple-mode bandpass filters on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) structure. Two degenerate modes of an SIW rectangular cavity and one resonant mode of a complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) are employed to implement these filters. As the primary advantage, the CSRR mode is utilized instead of the fundamental mode of the SIW cavity to provide us with an attractive capacity in easily controlling the frequency band of the designed SIW filters through the dimensions of this CSRR. Moreover, the positions of transmission zeros can be properly adjusted by the metallic vias. Finally, three examples of SIW multimode bandpass filters are designed, fabricated, and tested to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The measured results are found in good agreement with the simulated ones, showing that these filters have achieved high out-of-band rejection and sharp skirt selectivity.

Triple-Mode Bandpass Filters on CSRR-Loaded Substrate Integrated Waveguide Cavities

The higher order mode substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) has advantages in the applications, which are: 1) simplifying the structure with reduced fabrication cost and 2) enhancing the stability of performance by relaxed fabrication tolerance. In this paper, two wideband ${\rm TE}_{20}$ mode excitation structures are presented and investigated for the SIW. A slot along the mid line in the longitudinal direction of the SIW is employed to convert the electromagnetic field pattern between slotline and the ${\rm TE}_{20}$ mode SIW. The second structure is based on the slot aperture coupling and can realize wideband direct transition between the ${\rm TE}_{20}$ mode SIW and microstrip line. Both transitions have a simple and compact structure, as well as broadband characteristics. The wideband transition performance is demonstrated in this paper. As application examples of the transitions, two broadband substrate integrated baluns are presented and fabricated based on the ${\rm TE}_{20}$ mode excitation structures and ${\rm TE}_{20}$ mode characteristics. The 180 $^{\circ}$ out-of-phase and equal magnitude of the balun outputs in a wide frequency range can be achieved inherently. The balun based on the slotline excitation has a fractional bandwidth of 50.2%, from 7.3 to 12.2 GHz, with measured return loss, amplitude imbalance, and phase imbalance better than 10 and 0.45 dB and 3.8 $^{\circ}$ . The balun based on the aperture coupling excitation shows a fractional bandwidth of 50.3%, from 7 to 11.7 GHz, with measured return loss, insertion loss, amplitude imbalance, and phase imbalance better than 10, 1, and 0.27 dB and 2.4 $^{\circ}$ , respectively. Both baluns not only show good performance, but also demonstrate the existence of the ${\rm TE}_{20}$ mode in the SIW.

Wideband Excitation Technology of ${\rm TE}_{20}$ Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) and Its Applications

This paper describes a new approach for the theoretical design of unequal multisection Wilkinson power dividers, using single-layer microstrip lines. Similar to most multisection structures, the presented unequal divider can provide a broadband performance. To provide the design guideline, closed-form formulas are derived for the divider with odd or even number of sections. In each case, various simulations have been conducted to investigate the performance of dividers over the frequency band. For experimental verifications, two 1:2 power dividers with a center frequency of 1 GHz are fabricated, having three and four sections. The simulated and measured results are presented, and good agreements between them are observed.

Theoretical Design of Broadband Multisection Wilkinson Power Dividers With Arbitrary Power Split Ratio

This paper involved developing two (Type I and Type II) equal-split Wilkinson power dividers (WPDs). The Type I divider can use two short uniform-impedance transmission lines, one resistor, one capacitor, and two quarter-wavelength ( $\lambda/4 $ ) transformers in its circuit. Compared with the conventional equal-split WPD, the proposed Type I divider can relax the two $\lambda/4 $ transformers and the output ports layout restrictions of the conventional WPD. To eliminate the number of impedance transformers, the proposed Type II divider requires only one impedance transformer attaining the optimal matching design and a compact size. A compact four-way equal-split WPD based on the proposed Type I and Type II dividers was also developed, facilitating a simple layout, and reducing the circuit size. Regarding the divider, to obtain favorable selectivity and isolation performance levels, two Butterworth filter transformers were integrated in the proposed Type I divider to perform filter response and power split functions. Finally, a single Butterworth filter transformer was integrated in the proposed Type II divider to demonstrate a compact filtering WPD.

New Wilkinson Power Dividers and Their Integration Applications to Four-Way and Filtering Dividers

In this paper, a bended differential transmission line using a compensation inductance is proposed to efficiently suppress the common-mode noise. The bended differential transmission line using the compensation inductance can then be implemented by the bended differential transmission line using the short-circuited coupled line. It has been shown that the bended differential transmission line using the short-circuited coupled line can greatly reduce the mode conversion from -5.47 to -14.75 dB, and the time-domain-through common-mode noise from 0.068 to 0.02 V as compared with the bended differential transmission line using the right-angle bend. In order to verify the simulation results, measurement is done in the frequency and time domains where the measurement results are in good agreement with the simulation results.

Bended Differential Transmission Line Using Compensation Inductance for Common-Mode Noise Suppression

In this paper, a bended differential transmission line using the asymmetric coupled line (ACL) with surface mount device (SMD) capacitor is proposed to suppress the common-mode noise. The bended differential transmission line using the ACL with SMD capacitor can greatly reduce the mode conversion from ${-}{6.91}$ to ${-}{13.29}~{\rm dB}$ and the Time-Domain-Through common-mode noise from 0.063 to 0.023 V as compared with the bended differential transmission line using the right-angle bend. Also, the differential-mode transmission is increased and the small differential-mode reflection is maintained. To verify the simulation results, measurement is done in the frequency and time domains where the measurement results are in good agreement with the simulation results.

Common-Mode Noise Reduction Using Asymmetric Coupled Line With SMD Capacitor

In this paper, a compact and broadband conductor-backed coplanar waveguide (CB-CPW) to substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) transition using a stepped-impedance resonator (SIR) with a 90°-bent slot is proposed. The proposed transition can achieve a 36.8% 15-dB fractional bandwidth, which almost covers the S-band (2.6-3.95 GHz). Compared to the CB-CPW-to-SIW transition using the single-section quarter-wavelength transformer, transition using the SIR with the 90°-bent slot can increase the 15-dB fractional bandwidth from 23.44% to 36.8% and reduce the physical length from 14 to 7.2 mm. In order to verify the simulation results, back-to-back transitions are fabricated and measured, and the measurement results are in good agreement with those of simulation.

Compact and Broadband CB-CPW-to-SIW Transition Using Stepped-Impedance Resonator With 90 $^{\circ}$ -Bent Slot

In this paper, a compact microstrip-to-waveguide transition using the quarter-wavelength broadside-coupled microstrip line (BCML) is proposed. The 15-dB fractional bandwidth of this transition is 20.95%, which could only cover part of the X-band (8.2-12.4 GHz). In order to enhance the bandwidth, the capacitance-compensated BCML is used to replace the quarter-wavelength BCML. The microstrip-to-waveguide transition using the capacitance-compensated BCML, which is as compact as the transition using the quarter-wavelength BCML, has 37.33% 15-dB fractional bandwidth, almost covering the whole X-band. To verify the simulation results, back-to-back microstrip-to-waveguide transitions using the quarter-wavelength BCML or the capacitance-compensated BCML are fabricated and measured where the measurement results are in good agreement with the simulation results for both designs.

Miniaturized Microstrip-to-Waveguide Transition Using Capacitance-Compensated Broadside-Coupled Microstrip Line

In this paper, a compact and broadband rectangular waveguide power divider using the T-junction with antisymmetric tapered probe is proposed. The power divider is compact due to the adoption of the microstrip-fed antisymmetric tapered probe. In addition, the power divider has a broadband performance that the transmission coefficients of the two output ports are around -3.2 dB and the reflection coefficient of the input port is smaller than -15 dB from 8.48 to 12.04 GHz, almost covering the whole X-band (8.2-12.4 GHz). To advance this power divider as a power divider/combiner, a Wilkinson power divider is used to replace the T-junction. The power divider/combiner using the Wilkinson power divider with antisymmetric tapered probe is compact and has a broadband performance that shows equal power division, small reflection, and good isolation for all ports in the whole X-band. The transmission coefficients of the two output ports are around -3.3 dB and the reflection coefficient of the input port is smaller than -15 dB. In addition, the reflection coefficients of the two output ports are smaller than -12.6 dB and the isolation between the two output ports is smaller than -17.5 dB.

Ruei-Ying Fang

Papers

Bended Differential Transmission Line Using Compensation Inductance for Common-Mode Noise Suppression

Common-Mode Noise Reduction Using Asymmetric Coupled Line With SMD Capacitor

Compact and Broadband CB-CPW-to-SIW Transition Using Stepped-Impedance Resonator With 90 $^{\circ}$ -Bent Slot

Miniaturized Microstrip-to-Waveguide Transition Using Capacitance-Compensated Broadside-Coupled Microstrip Line

Compact and Broadband Rectangular Waveguide Power Divider/Combiner Using Microstrip-Fed Antisymmetric Tapered Probe