Triangulation refers to the use of multiple methods or data sources in qualitative research to develop a comprehensive understanding of phenomena (Patton, 1999). Triangulation also has been viewed as a qualitative research strategy to test validity through the convergence of information from different sources. Denzin (1978) and Patton (1999) identified four types of triangulation: (a) method triangulation, (b) investigator triangulation, (c) theory triangulation, and (d) data source triangulation. The current article will present the four types of triangulation followed by a discussion of the use of focus groups (FGs) and in-depth individual (IDI) interviews as an example of data source triangulation in qualitative inquiry.

The Use of Triangulation in Qualitative Research

http://library.um.ac.id/free-contents/downloadpdf.php/buku/focus-groups-as-qualitative-research-by-morgan-david-l-11476.pdf

Focus groups as qualitative research / by Morgan, David L.

From Husserl to van Manen. A review of different phenomenological approaches.

List of Boxes, Figures and Tables. The Authors. Series Foreword. Acknowledgements. Glossary. Introduction. 1. Interprofessional teamwork the basics. 2. Current developments affecting interprofessional teamwork. 3. Interprofessional teamwork: key concepts and issues. 4. A conceptual framework for interprofessional teamwork. 5. Using theory to better understand interprofessional teamwork. 6. Interprofessional teamwork interventions. 7. Evaluating interprofessional teamwork. 8. Synthesising studies of interprofessional teamwork. 9. Ways forward. References. Appendices. Index.

Interprofessional Teamwork for Health and Social Care

Introduction Reflexivity is a curious term with various meanings. Finding a definition of reflexivity that demonstrates what it means and how it is achieved is difficult (Colbourne and Sque 2004). Moreover, writings on reflexivity have not been transparent in terms of the difficulties, practicalities and methods of the process (Mauthner and Doucet 2003). Nevertheless, it is argued that an attempt be made to gain ‘some kind of intellectual handle’ on reflexivity in order to make use of it as a guiding standard (Freshwater and Rolfe 2001). The role of reflexivity in the many and varied qualitative methodologies is significant. It is therefore a concept of particular relevance to nursing as qualitative methodologies play a principal function in nursing enquiry. Reflexivity assumes a pivotal role in feminist research (King 1994). It is also paramount in participatory action research (Robertson 2000), ethnographies, and hermeneutic and post-structural approaches (Koch and Harrington 1998). Furthermore, it plays an integral part in medical case study research reflexivity epistemological critical feminist ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ k e y w o rd s

Approaches to reflexivity in qualitative research.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted health inequities for people with intellectual and developmental disability (PWIDD). It was also the stimulus for an international group of nurse researchers with shared expertise and experience to create a Global IDD Nursing Collaboratory. A collaboratory is a networked environment or “center without walls” where interaction oriented to common research areas occur without regard to physical location. The overarching goal of this Global Nursing Collaboratory is to assure the highest quality of life for PWIDD across the lifespan. Applying their unique skills and expertise, nurses working across health and social contexts are often the bridge over the healthcare gaps encountered by PWIDD. This paper describes the potential practice, education, and research contributions nurses can make to reduce health inequities experienced by PWIDD. We will examine how we talk about disability, the impact of the current COVID 19 crisis, and our educational systems which in some countries leave nurses and other health professionals ill prepared to meet the unique needs of this population We will describe the context, access issues, and health service organizations for and with PWIDD across countries to equip nurses with basic knowledge of health care for PWIDD and energize meaningful improvement in delivery of this care. Importantly, we offer action steps for all nurses toward reducing stigma and health inequities related to living with an intellectual and developmental disability (IDD).

International Nursing Actions to Reduce Health Inequities Faced by People with Intellectual and Developmental Disability

Results from a recent BPS and NSP survey (2020) confirmed psychological practitioners are an at-risk group for their overall wellbeing. While most research to date focuses on clinical psychologists, limited research exists on counselling psychologists (CP), and more specifically trainee CP who are at an optimal time in their career to learn stress management and explore self-care strategies before entering the professional world. A mixed-methods study was therefore conducted with (n= 45) U.K. based CP trainees to explore 3 main objectives; (1) to measure trainees’ current levels of stress, (2) to understand trainees’ experience of using self-care tools in their own lives, and (3) to explore specific facilitators and barriers to support for trainees, if any.Initially, the Perceived Stress Scale-10 item (PSS-10), was used to measure current levels of trainee stress. 71.1 per cent of the sample scored in the moderate stress range. Following this (n= 10) trainees participated in follow-up semi-structured interviews. Using thematic analysis 4 main themes emerged; 1. Practising what we preach, 2. Individual differences, 3. Training Structure, and 4. Competing demands. In this article, we focus on the most prominent subthemes which are key barriers as noted by the majority of participants: from Theme 3-Placement hours, and from Theme 4-Influence of finances. Overall, this paper concludes that despite the moderate stress level amongst this population, there is still an attempt by trainees to apply self-care to their own lives but with key facilitators and barriers in this respect.

Ruth Northway

Papers

International Nursing Actions to Reduce Health Inequities Faced by People with Intellectual and Developmental Disability

Drinking from an empty glass: A mixed-method analysis of counselling psychology trainees’ stress and barriers to self-care

Each December, the United Nations (UN) holds an ‘International Day of Disabled Persons’ to promote better understanding of disability. Introduction.

Editorial: Listening, learning and acting: working with people who use services to plan and undertake research

Rights and wrongs.