Problem Given the number of times in which an unknown event has happened and failed: Required the chance that the probability of its happening in a single trial lies somewhere between any two degrees of probability that can be named. SECTION 1 Definition 1. Several events are inconsistent, when if one of them happens, none of the rest can. 2. Two events are contrary when one, or other of them must; and both together cannot happen. 3. An event is said to fail, when it cannot happen; or, which comes to the same thing, when its contrary has happened. 4. An event is said to be determined when it has either happened or failed. 5. The probability of any event is the ratio between the value at which an expectation depending on the happening of the event ought to be computed, and the value of the thing expected upon it’s 2 happening.

An essay towards solving a problem in the doctrine of chances. [Facsimil]

Knowledge Management Toolkit

Введение в теорию формальных языков

/pdf/winning-ugly-nato-s-war-to-save-kosovo-z05judsydm.pdf

Winning Ugly: NATO's War to Save Kosovo

Heat exchangers with unique specifications are administered in the food industry, which has expanded its sphere of influence even to the automotive industry due to this feature. It has been used for convenient maintenance and much easier cleaning. In this study, two different nanomaterials, such as Cu-based nanoparticles and an organic nanoparticle of Chloro-difluoromethane (R22), were used as nanofluids to enhance the efficiency of heat transfer in a turbulator. It is simulated by computational fluid dynamics software (Ansys-Fluent) to evaluate the Nusselt number versus Reynolds number for different variables. These variables are diameter ratio, torsion pitch ratio, and two different nanofluids through the shell tube heat exchanger. It is evident that for higher diameter ratios, the Nusselt number has been increased significantly in higher Reynolds numbers as the heat transfer has been increased in turbulators. For organic fluids (R22), the Nusselt number has been increased significantly in higher Reynolds numbers as the heat transfer has been increased in turbulators due to the proximity of heat transfer charges. At higher torsion pitch ratios, the Nusselt number has been increased significantly in the higher Reynolds number as the heat transfer has been increased in turbulators, especially in higher velocities and pipe turbulence torsions.

/pdf/use-of-organic-and-copper-based-nanoparticles-on-the-47fe3ifz4v.pdf

Use of Organic and Copper-Based Nanoparticles on the Turbulator Installment in a Shell Tube Heat Exchanger: A CFD-Based Simulation Approach by Using Nanofluids

Context: Software Product Line Engineering (SPLE) has emerged as a thriving approach for software products constructions. In SPLE, a triumphant software product is highly reliant on the validity of an SPLE. Hence, validation is a significant process within SPLE. Objective: In this paper, we reviewed the related works in the area of automated validation of SPLE to bring to light the pros and cons of the related works and suggest the future directions in this research area. Method: We started by defining the validation operations followed by classification of the related works in eight groups based on the technique or method that is used. The general attributes of each class are highlighted and the main strengths and weaknesses of each class related to the validation of SPLE are thrashed out. Subsequently, we analyzed each work to find out which validation operations are achieved and how they are satisfied. Finally, we abridged the current situation and recommended how the validation of SPLE can be enhanced in each operation. Results: The research gap in the area of validation of SPLE has been clarified by recommending the future directions. Conclusion: It is concluded that some works cannot gratify all the validation operations because the technique or method used has its weaknesses that prevented the completion of the validation process. Moreover, we conclude that this area of research has room for improvement by validating the domainengineering directly instead of validating software products during the configuration process.

/pdf/review-and-future-directions-of-the-automated-validation-in-2rgc1sredk.pdf

Review and future directions of the automated validation in software product line engineering

With the development of high-resolution digital cameras and photographs the probabilities of images and pictures being forged is high as the photographers have the ability to manipulate and forge the images as they desire. This can lead to a misuse of technology as forgery can lead to a maj or crime or difference in important and critical situation or places such as court, hospital and also education system. This project planned to analyses a digital image by mistreatment EM rule. The rule was enforced at intervals MATLAB and run on a sample library of cast and unmodified pictures, including a variety of pictures from Associate in Nursing Multi meddling dataset.

Digital Image Forgery Detection based on Expectation Maximization Algorithm

Taken together, these two books depict the role that local People’s Congresses (LPCs) play in Chinese politics. The image that emerges is somewhat unexpected. One might have thought that the crucial question about LPCs centers on how representative they are. What stands out in these accounts, however, is how little attention is devoted to elections, deputy–constituent ties and speaking out at plenary sessions. For Young Nam Cho and Ming Xia, the big story is occurring inside the state, and concerns institutionalization, multi-step deliberation and enhanced oversight. Administrative reforms have transformed the policy process, and new arenas have been created to manage conflict. LPCs have benefited greatly from this re-division of labor and are not a “rival show” or a “rubber stamp” (Xia, p. 228) but partners in governance providing a venue for interested parties (mostly within the bureaucracy) to work out disagreements. Energetic LPCs are first and foremost a sign that where Chinese politics takes place has changed. Legislative development, in this way of thinking, has less to do with responsiveness and changing state–society relations and more to do with statebuilding, restructuring bureaucratic ties and making Party rule predictable and effective. If LPCs have become a “strong political force in local politics” (Cho, p. 163) but have been empowered only selectively (with much more attention to lawmaking and oversight than to representation), what does this imply about the

المسار التعليمي للطالب: نحو تمثيل وتصحيح المعرفة باستخدام اسلوب النمذجة التنوعية

Education and learning is one of the world's largest markets for internet applications. Learning and training at work is probably the fastest growing sector. Before measuring the usability of these e-learning applications, users have to face unknown risks of failure of applications. This paper represents five metrics to measure the usability of E-Learning systems through user interface. These metrics are: Time of user feedback, average of using help methods, average of using undo, average time spent in any page, and average of using e-learning system's search engine. We focused to measure the using of e-systems rather than the content of the systems. These metrics cover the three parts of usability (ease of use, ease to learning, and task matching). In addition, these metrics satisfy the definition of usability for both human computer interaction and software engineering.

Towards Measuring of E-Learning Usability through User Interface

Data mining uses sophisticated mathematical algorithms to segment the data and evaluate the probability of future events. With this process, it helps to find patterns within large data sets to predict outcomes. The process of data mining uses big data, therefore, it is very suitable to be incorporated to the system. The development of this website system is by using the Laravel framework with PHP. C4.5 Algorithm is being integrated in the system to predict the students ’achievements on the soft skills which has been outlined in the Graduate Employability Skills (GEmS) based on the activities that the students have joined during their studies in Management and Science University (MSU). By using this prediction, the students are analysed on their soft skills achievements. This system is also being developed to track the activities for each student in each semester according to the GEmS planner where students are able to manage their activities for each semester accordingly. It can also identify the students who are more prioritized to join the activities that have been created by the lecturer. Hence, the lecturers can easily control the number of students that are needed to join the activities that the lecturers created. As a validation for students ’activity registration, the QR Code is also going to be incorporated in the system.

Ruzi Bachok

Papers

Review and future directions of the automated validation in software product line engineering

Digital Image Forgery Detection based on Expectation Maximization Algorithm

المسار التعليمي للطالب: نحو تمثيل وتصحيح المعرفة باستخدام اسلوب النمذجة التنوعية

Towards Measuring of E-Learning Usability through User Interface

Student'S activity management system using qr code and C4.5 algorithm