S. Krave

TL;DR: The High Luminosity (HiLumi) Large Hadron Collider (LHC) project has, as the main objective, to increase the LHC peak luminosity by a factor five and the integrated luminosity, which will be achieved mainly with a new interaction region layout which will allow a stronger focusing of the colliding beams as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the HL-LHC low-β quadrupole design, based on the experience gathered by the US LARP program, and describe the support structure components to preload the coils, withstand the electro-magnetic forces, provide alignment and LHe containment, and integrate the cold mass in the LHC IRs.

TL;DR: The inner triplet (or low-β) quadrupole magnet (MQXF) as discussed by the authors was the first to operate at a gradient of 132.6 T/m, with a conductor peak field of 11.4 T.

TL;DR: The U.S. LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) and CERN combined their efforts in developing Nb3Sn magnets for the high-luminosity LHC upgrade.

TL;DR: The first short 150 mm aperture quadrupole model MQXFS1 was assembled with coils fabricated by both CERN and LARP as discussed by the authors, and the magnet demonstrated a strong performance at Fermilab's vertical magnet test facility reaching the LHC operating limits.