Biosurfactant: A new frontier for greener technology and environmental sustainability.

There is increasing difficulty in identifying new plant leaf diseases as a result of environmental change. There is a need to identify the factors influencing the emergence and the increasing incidences of these diseases. Here, we present emerging fungal plant leaf diseases and describe their environmental speciation. We considered the factors controlling for local adaptation associated with environmental speciation. We determined that the advent of emergent fungal leaf diseases is closely connected to environmental speciation. Fungal pathogens targeting the leaves may adversely affect the entire plant body. To mitigate the injury caused by these pathogens, it is necessary to be able to detect and identify them early in the infection process. In this way, their distribution, virulence, incidence, and severity could be attenuated.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/21655979.2019.1649520

A review of plant leaf fungal diseases and its environment speciation.

A wheat biorefining strategy based on solid-state fermentation for fermentative production of succinic acid Bioresource Technology

Bioinspired marine antifouling coatings: Status, prospects, and future

This work was aimed to explore rhamnolipid production under solid state fermentation using a potential substrate mahua oil cake and to evaluate the biocontrol efficacy of rhamnolipid against Fusarium wilt of eggplant. The combination of Response Surface Methodology and Central Composite Design was employed to optimize higher biosurfactant production. Therefore, four factors viz., substrate concentration, inoculum size, pH and temperature were selected for optimization of rhamnolipid production. The results revealed that the optimum conditions for reduction of surface tension were mahua oil cake 7.78 g, 2.4 ml inoculum size (1 × 108 cells/ml), pH 7 and 30° C temperature. To evaluate the biocontrol efficacy the application of rhamnolipid at various concentrations (0, 100, 250 and 500 μg/ml) by soil and foliar application were employed in the pot culture assay. In vitro study indicated that rhamnolipid producing strain SNAU02 was the most effective antagonist against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae and used for pot culture study. On the basis of economic analysis, treatment T9 (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Melongenae ( × 106 spores/ml) + 50 ml of 250 μg biosurfactant/ml to soil + foliar spraying of biosurfactant (250 μg/ml) ranked among the efficacious treatments and was just as effective as a synthetic fungicide. In control treatment, occurrence of disease severity and disease incidence was observed from early stage of crop growth until harvest stage. The pot experiment results indicated that SNAU02 rhamnolipid could be a promising agent in the biocontrol of Fusarium wilt of eggplant, which might help to minimize the yield loss of eggplant.

Optimization of rhamnolipid biosurfactant production from Serratia rubidaea SNAU02 under solid-state fermentation and its biocontrol efficacy against Fusarium wilt of eggplant

Ice-ice disease occurs in cultivated algal seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii due to pathogenic bacterial infections. This seaweed has rich source of carrageenan widely known as the kappa carrageenan. Generally, ice-ice disease leads to whitening of the branches initiated with colour changes of the thalli, which become transparent in the end. This study was aimed to isolate and identify the bacteria based on morphology and biochemical characterization on ice-ice diseased K. alvarezii from three different places, namely, Kottapatinam, Thondi and Rameswaram. The bacterium was isolated in Zobell Marine Agar (ZMA) and thiosulfate-citrate-bile saltsucrose (TCBS) agar. Morphological and biochemical characterizations revealed that the isolated bacteria causing ice-ice disease were closely related to the genera Bacillus in ZMA and Vibrio species in TCBS. Total viability count, physical and chemical properties of the bacteria by gram staining and morphological analysis were done for all species isolated from three places.

http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/49699/3/IJMS%2048%288%29%201286-1290.pdf

Characterization and identification of isolated bacteria from ice-ice disease infected seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii

PYRROLO isolated from marine sponge associated bacterium Halobacillus kuroshimensis SNSAB01 - Antifouling study based on molecular docking, diatom adhesion and mussel byssal thread inhibition.

The seaweeds are taxonomically diverse group of marine plants found in intertidal and sub-tidal regions all over the world. Like other plants seaweeds are also affected by microbial pathogens it reduces the quality and market value of seaweeds. Kappaphycus alvarezii is a main source for carrageenan it gets affected by microbiome in unfavorable conditions which leads to the formation of white thalli disease namely called as Ice-ice disease, where the seaweed tissue become white and hard. In this study we have isolated eight different bacterial species from ice -ice diseased seaweed and identified using molecular analysis and established these species has key role to cause the disease by producing kappa carragenase enzyme which hydrolysis kappa carrageenan. Molecular docking has been extensively used to discover new targets for existing and natural bacterial compounds or enzymes. Molecular docking was employed as an effective approach to locate the potential binding site of macromolecular targets, encouraging interaction with GLN102,ARG151,TYR161,GLU163,ASP168,TRP194,ARG196,ARG260. The results suggest that molecular docking is an effective approach to locate and identify the target bacterial enzyme which has carragenan degrading activity. The present study evidently demonstrates the degrading of kappa-carragenan by kappa-carragenase enzyme from particular bacterial strain namely P.carragenovara.

Microbiome identification from ice ice disease infected Kappaphycus alvarezii using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and in silico docking studies against carrageenan degrading bacteria

Metals and metal oxide-based nanocomposites play a significant role over the control of microbes. In this study, antibacterial activity of iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanocomposites based on induction furnace (IF) steel slag has been carried out. IF steel slag is an industrial by-product generated from secondary steel manufacturing process and has various metal oxides which includes Al2O3 (7.89%), MnO (5.06), CaO (1.49%) and specifically Fe2O3 (14.30%) in higher content along with metalloid SiO2 (66.42). Antibacterial activity of iron oxide nanocomposites has been revealed on bacterial species such as Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Micrococcus luteus has undergone maximum zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 12 mm for 10 mg/mL concentration of steel slag iron oxide nanocomposite. Growth inhibitory kinetics of bacterial species has been studied using ELISA microplate reader at 660 nm by varying the concentration of steel slag iron oxide nanocomposites. The results illustrate that IF steel slag is a potential material and can be utilized in building materials to increase the resistance against biodeterioration.

/pdf/utilization-of-induction-furnace-steel-slag-based-iron-oxide-34fpfrae65.pdf

S. Nalini

Papers

Optimization of rhamnolipid biosurfactant production from Serratia rubidaea SNAU02 under solid-state fermentation and its biocontrol efficacy against Fusarium wilt of eggplant

Characterization and identification of isolated bacteria from ice-ice disease infected seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii

PYRROLO isolated from marine sponge associated bacterium Halobacillus kuroshimensis SNSAB01 - Antifouling study based on molecular docking, diatom adhesion and mussel byssal thread inhibition.

Microbiome identification from ice ice disease infected Kappaphycus alvarezii using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and in silico docking studies against carrageenan degrading bacteria

Utilization of induction furnace steel slag based iron oxide nanocomposites for antibacterial studies