This paper describes a new method to measure the 1dB gain compression point (PldB) for a 5.8GHz power amplifier (PA). The proposed method is based on oscillation built-in self-test (OBIST) method. The circuit is designed in 180nm CMOS technology. The PA is transformed into an oscillator and growing PA input amplitude is produced without an external signal generator. This technique offers a proper growth rate of the PA input voltage amplitude with a proper operating frequency. Using this method, PldB occurs when the voltage input amplitude is 460.5mV. Finally, the new quasi OBIST method can measure the voltage input amplitude where the PldB occur with approximately 2% error.

Oscillation-based Test for Measuring 1dB Gain Compression Point of Power Amplifiers

In this paper, functionality of the Doherty power amplifiers (DPAs) along with their design constraints such as DPA combining techniques are reviewed. This is because power amplifier (PA) is a key building block in the design of fifth generation (5G) communication systems. A significant trend is the DPA bandwidth enhancement technique, which is the subject of numerous papers in the literature. So, we will review some papers with different solutions to address DPA's bandwidth limitations. There are also different works in the literature that have focused on high‐efficiency PA structure designs, which are also discussed in this paper. An excellent option for effective power combining in broadband designs is using balanced amplifiers. We have discussed load modulated balanced amplifiers (LMBA) in this paper because designing an effective PA with a wide bandwidth is crucial. We also covered some papers that have proposed techniques based on the linearization method to bring the efficiency and linearity of DPAs to a fair level.

A review of Doherty power amplifier and load modulated balanced amplifier for 5G technology

Since environmental challenges have diminished due to global modernization, technology is crucial in addressing pertinent problems by lowering pollution in many regions. One of the most crucial topics is intelligent transportation, which may be evaluated by substituting the Electric Vehicle (EV) with fossil fuel, which has increased megacity pollution in recent years. This research intends to model the EV and charging station in the car-sharing scenario using the Markov chain approach to determine the most accurate simulation runs and timing parameters. In addition, by separating the region into commercial and residential zones, we attempted to determine the behavior of consumers in standby and charge queue length. The findings demonstrate the simulation's effectiveness since they are an exact reflection of actual conduct.

Simulating a Charging Station for Electric Vehicles (EV) Based on the Concept of the Markov Chain to Analyze the System Performance

Increasing network use in several domains makes optimization more critical than ever before. The Queuing theory is used to comprehend the network's performance by comparing various factors to determine the optimal design based on the number of servers and distribution in order to maximize packet transmission and decrease packet loss. The result illustrates that uniform service time distribution, as opposed to an exponential distribution, may reduce packet loss. In addition, the behavior of packet transmission is depicted using servers with varying waiting line capacities. This study compares M/M/l, M/M/l/B, and M/M/l/B to determine the optimal arrangement for sending packets inside the network.

Analyzing the Network System Performance Based on the Queuing Theory Concept

The primary goal of multicasting routing is to transport data from one or more sources to several destinations while simultaneously making the most efficient use of the available resources. This may be accomplished by routing the data. Bandwidth, time, and connection expenses are a few examples of resources that may potentially have their usage reduced. In this paper, we try to optimize multicast routing. We discuss the important problem and a solution considered in this area and their mathematical models. A Phyton emulation for the main problem and solution are also investigated.

Multicast Optimization: Operational Research Theory and Applications

A built-in self-test (BIST) circuit is designed in 180nm CMOS technology to measure the compression point of a power amplifier (PA) working in 5.8GHz. In order to determine the 1dB compression point (P-1dB) of the PA, the input voltage amplitude of the PA is increased until a 1dB drop in the linear gain of the PA is observed. In the first step, the test circuit must be calibrated then the peak amplitude of the PA output is compared to the peak amplitude of the linear gain amplifier. The building blocks of the proposed BIST circuit are PA, variable gain amplifier, peak detector, comparator, resistor ladder and it contains some digital circuitry such as counter.

Saeedeh Makhsuci

Papers

Oscillation-based Test for Measuring 1dB Gain Compression Point of Power Amplifiers

A built-in self-test circuit for measuring 1dB gain compression point of power amplifiers

A review of Doherty power amplifier and load modulated balanced amplifier for 5G technology