Come with us to read a new book that is coming recently. Yeah, this is a new coming book that many people really want to read will you be one of them? Of course, you should be. It will not make you feel so hard to enjoy your life. Even some people think that reading is a hard to do, you must be sure that you can do it. Hard will be felt when you have no ideas about what kind of book to read. Or sometimes, your reading material is not interesting enough.

Design Of Integrated Circuits For Optical Communications

A multichannel time-to-digital converter (TDC) implemented with 0.35-μm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology that uses a low-frequency crystal as reference and measures the time intervals with counter and delay line interpolation techniques is described. The multichannel measurement architecture provides information on the time intervals between several timing signals. The circuit can be used for laser time-of-flight distance measurements, e.g., where it can determine time intervals between a transmitted laser pulse and several reflected pulses and also pulsewidths or rise times, to compensate for the timing walk error. This paper shows how several measurement channels can be integrated into one TDC without losing the measurement performance. The circuit offers a measurement precision that is better than 8 ps and a measurement range of up to 74 μs. In terms of laser distance measurement, its performance is equivalent to millimeter-level precision within an 11-km range.

A Multichannel High-Precision CMOS Time-to-Digital Converter for Laser-Scanner-Based Perception Systems

An integrated receiver with high sensitivity and low walk error for a military purpose pulsed time-of-flight (TOF) LADAR system is proposed. The proposed receiver adopts a dual-gain capacitive-feedback TIA (C-TIA) instead of widely used resistive-feedback TIA (R-TIA) to increase the sensitivity. In addition, a new walk-error improvement circuit based on a constant-delay detection method is proposed. Implemented in 0.35 μm CMOS technology, the receiver achieves an input-referred noise current of 1.36 pA/√Hz with bandwidth of 140 MHz and minimum detectable signal (MDS) of 10 nW with a 5 ns pulse at SNR=3.3, maximum walk-error of 2.8 ns, and a dynamic range of 1:12,000 over the operating temperature range of -40 °
C to +85 °
C.

A High-Sensitivity and Low-Walk Error LADAR Receiver for Military Application

An integrated receiver channel for a pulsed time-of-flight (TOF) laser rangefinder has been designed and fabricated in a 0.35-μm SiGe BiCMOS process. The receiver channel generates a timing mark for the TDC by means of a leading-edge timing discriminator that detects the crossover of the received pulse with respect to a set reference level. The walk error generated by the amplitude variation is compensated in the time domain on the basis of the measured dependence of the walk on the length of the received pulse. The measurement accuracy is ±15 ps with compensation within a dynamic range of 1:100000, and the single-shot precision and power consumption are 120 ps for a minimum detectable signal of ~1 μA and 115 mW, respectively.

An Integrated Laser Radar Receiver Channel Utilizing a Time-Domain Walk Error Compensation Scheme

A 32×2 pixel optical time of flight range sensor in standard 0.5 μm CMOS acquires up to 20k BD-images/s combines CDS, S&H, multiple double short time integration, a high-speed synchronous shutter, and a phase synchronizer enabling exposures <30 ns with <5.2 W/m/sup 2/ NEP. This CMOS imager chip for 3D imaging applications contains a photodiode array and the aforementioned features enable optical TOF measurements of laser pulses reflected from a target. The 42 mm/sup 2/ chip dissipates 330 mW.

A CMOS Photosensor Array for 3D Imaging Using Pulsed Laser

This integrated receiver channel designed for a pulsed time-of-flight (TOF) laser rangefinder consists of a fully differential transimpedance amplifier channel and a timing discriminator. The amplitude-dependent timing walk error is compensated by measuring the width and rise time of the received pulse echo and using this information for calibration. The measured bandwidth, transimpedance and minimum detectable signal (SNR ~10) of the receiver channel are 230 MHz, $100~\text {k}\Omega $ and ${\sim } 1~\mu \text {A}$ respectively. The single-shot precision of the receiver is ~3 cm at an SNR of 13 and the measurement accuracy is ±4 mm with compensation within a dynamic range of ~1:100 000. The receiver circuit was realized in a $0.35~\mu \text {m}$ CMOS process and has a power consumption of 150 mW. The functionality of the receiver channel was verified over a temperature range of -20 °C to +50 °C.

http://jultika.oulu.fi/files/nbnfi-fe2016122231681.pdf

A Wide Dynamic Range CMOS Laser Radar Receiver With a Time-Domain Walk Error Compensation Scheme

An integrated receiver–time-to-digital converter (TDC) chip set is developed for pulsed time-of-flight (TOF) laser rangefinding. The receiver detects the current pulse from the optical detector and produces a timing mark for the TDC. The receiver uses time mode walk error compensation scheme achieving $\mu \text{m}$ complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The functionality of the chip set was demonstrated in a laser radar platform using 12 W and 3-ns optical pulses produced by a laser diode (LD). Measurement accuracy of ~ ±3 mm was achieved with noncooperative targets at a distance range of a few tens of meters within an amplitude range of received echoes of 1:40 000.

/pdf/a-cmos-receiver-tdc-chip-set-for-accurate-pulsed-tof-laser-47u3wggyw1.pdf

A CMOS Receiver–TDC Chip Set for Accurate Pulsed TOF Laser Ranging

This paper presents a Time-of-Flight laser radar receiver based on pulse-shaping at the input to the receiver channel, in which the first zero-crossing point of the converted pulse is marked as the timing moment. In this technique, an LC resonator is combined with a nonlinear feedback TIA to achieve high accuracy and high precision within a wide dynamic range. The key advantage is that the receiver does not require any post compensation or gain control techniques so that the total complexity of the TOF radar is reduced considerably. Measurements made in a $0.35~\mu m$ standard CMOS process show a bandwidth of $230MHz$ and an input-referred noise of $70nA$ RMS. The receiver chip consumes $155mW$ power from a $3.3V$ supply. The single-shot precision and accuracy of the receiver within a dynamic range of 1:50,000 are $ \sim 15mm(SNR=12)$ and $\sim \pm 15mm$ respectively. A wider dynamic range can be achieved with a larger accuracy tolerance. The functionality of the proposed receiver channel is also verified over an input pulse variation and temperature range of $0~^{\mathrm {o}}\text{C}$ to $50~^{\mathrm {o}}\text{C}$ .

/pdf/a-wide-dynamic-range-laser-radar-receiver-based-on-input-3eprcz6cco.pdf

A Wide Dynamic Range Laser Radar Receiver Based on Input Pulse-Shaping Techniques

An integrated receiver channel for a compact scanning automotive LIDAR sensor is presented. It is designed to meet the requirements of the traffic application, such as a very wide dynamic range of the input signal, accurate timing detection and the possibility for detecting several successive pulses that may be caused by rain or mirror reflections, for example. The receiver operates on the leading edge timing discrimination principle. The input amplitude-dependent timing error is compensated for by measuring the pulse length with a multi-channel TDC and knowing the relation between the error and the pulse length. A timing accuracy of ± 10ps (±1.5mm in distance) within a dynamic range of 1∶22 000 was achieved.

Sami Kurtti

Papers

An Integrated Laser Radar Receiver Channel Utilizing a Time-Domain Walk Error Compensation Scheme

A Wide Dynamic Range CMOS Laser Radar Receiver With a Time-Domain Walk Error Compensation Scheme

A CMOS Receiver–TDC Chip Set for Accurate Pulsed TOF Laser Ranging

A Wide Dynamic Range Laser Radar Receiver Based on Input Pulse-Shaping Techniques

An integrated receiver channel for a laser scanner