Sandy Bulmer

TL;DR: This article reviewed the literature regarding the interpretation of visuals as related to global advertisements and identified gaps in knowledge, theoretical conflicts and paradoxes in the literature, and provided a research agenda that suggests how a visual rhetoric approach might provide a theoretically useful contribution in this important area.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the theoretical and practical applicability of integrated marketing communications and found that practitioners appear to be constructing and applying IMC concepts that are situation-specific.

TL;DR: In this article, a semi-structured face-to-face interview was conducted with consumers to examine their interactions with self-service checkouts and found that unwilling customers feel a sense of social obligation to use selfservice checkout at times in order to help others.

TL;DR: This article investigated the interpretation and intentionality in a highly imagistic television advertisement for perfume, and found that consumers recover intended meanings and generate a variety of idiosyncratic responses to advertisements, and that complex television advertising imagery is meaningful and leaves the viewer with a sense of what the brand stands for.

TL;DR: This article explored the conceptualisation of brands as symbolic and experiential resources and explored the relationship between brands and national identity, and found that brands affect national identity. But marketing has barely examined this relationship.