다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a severe public health problem and are caused by a range of pathogens, but most commonly by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. High recurrence rates and increasing antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens threaten to greatly increase the economic burden of these infections. In this Review, we discuss how basic science studies are elucidating the molecular details of the crosstalk that occurs at the host-pathogen interface, as well as the consequences of these interactions for the pathophysiology of UTIs. We also describe current efforts to translate this knowledge into new clinical treatments for UTIs.

/pdf/urinary-tract-infections-epidemiology-mechanisms-of-3j8ivu97xb.pdf

Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options

Transition metals occupy an essential niche in biological systems. Their electrostatic properties stabilize substrates or reaction intermediates in the active sites of enzymes, and their heightened reactivity is harnessed for catalysis. However, this heightened activity also renders transition metals toxic at high concentrations. Bacteria, like all living organisms, must regulate their intracellular levels of these elements to satisfy their physiological needs while avoiding harm. It is therefore not surprising that the host capitalizes on both the essentiality and toxicity of transition metals to defend against bacterial invaders. This Review discusses established and emerging paradigms in nutrient metal homeostasis at the pathogen-host interface.

/pdf/nutritional-immunity-transition-metals-at-the-pathogen-host-3wqwttb0ob.pdf

Nutritional immunity: transition metals at the pathogen-host interface.

https://cmapspublic3.ihmc.us/rid=1J2LQ1265-1DFQC1W-TTL/2MAIN_Effect%20of%20silver%20on%20burn%20wound%20infection%20control%20and%20healing_review%20of%20the%20literature.pdf

Effect of silver on burn wound infection control and healing: review of the literature.

Urinary tract infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a minireview.

Klebsiella pneumoniae causes infections in humans especially in immunocompromised patients. About 80 % of nosocomial infections caused by K. pneumoniae are due to multidrug-resistant strains. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains necessitates the exploration of alternative antibacterial therapies, which led our group to study the ability of bacterial viruses (known as bacteriophages or simply phages) to treat mice challenged with K. pneumoniae. Phage SS specific for K. pneumoniae B5055 was isolated and characterized, and its potential as a therapeutic agent was evaluated in an experimental model of K. pneumoniae-mediated lobar pneumonia in mice. Mice were challenged by intranasal (i.n.) inoculation with bacteria (10(8) c.f.u. ml(-1)). A single intraperitoneal injection of 10(10) p.f.u. ml(-1) phage administered immediately after i.n. challenge was sufficient to rescue 100 % of animals from K. pneumoniae-mediated respiratory infections. Administration of the phage preparation 3 h prior to i.n. bacterial challenge provided significant protection in infected mice, while even 6 h delay of phage administration after the induction of infection rendered the phage treatment ineffective. The results of this study therefore suggest that the timing of starting the phage therapy after initiation of infection significantly contributes towards the success of the treatment.

/pdf/therapeutic-potential-of-bacteriophage-in-treating-20bevd91do.pdf

Therapeutic potential of bacteriophage in treating Klebsiella pneumoniae B5055-mediated lobar pneumonia in mice

Background
Staphylococcus aureus remains the predominant pathogen in diabetic foot infections and prevalence of methicillin resistant S.aureus (MRSA) strains further complicates the situation. The incidence of MRSA in infected foot ulcers is 15–30% and there is an alarming trend for its increase in many countries. Diabetes acts as an immunosuppressive state decreasing the overall immune functioning of body and to worsen the situation, wounds inflicted with drug resistant strains represent a morbid combination in diabetic patients. Foot infections caused by MRSA are associated with an increased risk of amputations, increased hospital stay, increased expenses and higher infection-related mortality. Hence, newer, safer and effective treatment strategies are required for treating MRSA mediated diabetic foot infections. The present study focuses on the use of lytic bacteriophage in combination with linezolid as an effective treatment strategy against foot infection in diabetic population.

/pdf/co-therapy-using-lytic-bacteriophage-and-linezolid-effective-8yuxak95g8.pdf

Co-therapy using lytic bacteriophage and linezolid: effective treatment in eliminating methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from diabetic foot infections.

Zingerone inhibit biofilm formation and improve antibiofilm efficacy of ciprofloxacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1

Characterization of bacteriophages to be used prophylactically or therapeutically is mandatory, as use of uncharacterized bacteriophages is considered as one of the major reasons of failure of phage therapy in preantibiotic era. In the present study, one lytic bacteriophage, KPO1K2, specific for Klebsiella pneumoniae B5055, with broad host range was selected for characterization. As shown by TEM, morphologically KPO1K2 possessed icosahedral head with pentagonal nature with apex to apex head diameter of about 39 nm. Presence of short noncontractile tail (10 nm) suggested its inclusion into family Podoviridae with a designation of T7-like lytic bacteriophage. The phage growth cycle with a latent period of 15 min and a burst size of approximately 140 plaque forming units per infected cell as well as a genome of 42 kbps and structural protein pattern of this bacteriophage further confirmed its T7-like characteristics. Phage was stable over a wide pH range of 4-11 and demonstrated maximum activity at 37 degrees C. After injection into mice, at 6 h, a high phage titer was seen in blood as well as in kidney and urinary bladder, though titers in kidney and urinary bladder were higher as compared to blood. Phage got cleared completely in 36 h from blood while from kidneys and urinary bladder its clearance was delayed. We propose the use of this characterized phage, KPO1K2, as a prophylactic/therapeutic agent especially for the treatment of catheter associated UTI caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Sanjay Chhibber

Papers

Urinary tract infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a minireview.

Therapeutic potential of bacteriophage in treating Klebsiella pneumoniae B5055-mediated lobar pneumonia in mice

Co-therapy using lytic bacteriophage and linezolid: effective treatment in eliminating methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from diabetic foot infections.

Zingerone inhibit biofilm formation and improve antibiofilm efficacy of ciprofloxacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1

Characterization of a T7-Like Lytic Bacteriophage of Klebsiella pneumoniae B5055: A Potential Therapeutic Agent