Sarah E. Perkins

TL;DR: In this article, a hierarchy of metrics that allow for different data sets to be used in identifying MHWs is proposed, which can be described by its duration, intensity, rate of evolution, and spatial extent.

TL;DR: In this paper, global trends in observed summertime heatwaves and annually calculated warm spells for 1950-2011 are analysed via a multi-index, multi-aspect framework, and three indices that separately focus on maximum temperature (TX90pct), minimum temperature (TN90 pct) and average temperature (EHF) were studied with respect to five characteristics of event intensity, frequency and duration.

TL;DR: In this paper, a set of three heat wave definitions, derived from surveying heat-related indices in the climate science literature, were employed to measure heat wave number, duration, participating days, and peak and mean magnitudes.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a review of the recent advances in the scientific understanding of heatwaves, including how heatwaves are measured, their driving mechanisms, observed and projected changes, and quantifying the anthropogenic influence behind these changes.

TL;DR: It is shown that up to 86% of terrestrial and 83% of freshwater ecoregions will be exposed to average monthly temperature patterns >2 SDs (2σ) of the 1961–1990 baseline, including 82% of critically endangered e coregions, and many Global 200 ecoreGions may be under substantial climatic stress by 2100.