A review on novel processes of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil

Review of the effects of biodiesel on NOx emissions

Biodiesel is gaining acceptance in the market as fuel and lubricant. It is expected that biodiesel industries will rapidly grow worldwide in the coming years and information on biodiesel feedstock, production, and characteristics will be crucial than ever especially for those using vegetable oils as feedstock as these are currently the major sources for making biodiesel. In the present paper, a comprehensive review is reported on feedstock, production technologies, and characteristics of biodiesel. More specifically, selected available vegetable oils are explored as feedstock for biodiesel production. Production technologies including latest catalyst developments are discussed. Finally, biodiesel characteristics and parameters influencing the corresponding properties are revealed. Since this paper covers a wide range in biodiesel area, it serves as a general public education medium as well as a research reference for biodiesel production from vegetable oils.

Biodiesel from vegetable oils

Heterogeneous catalysis is a promising technology for the valorization of renewable biomass to sustainable advanced fuels and fine chemicals. Porosity and nanostructure are the most versatile features of heterogeneous solid catalysts, which can greatly determine the accessibility of specific active sites, reaction mechanisms, and the selectivity of desirable products. Hence, the precise tuning of porosity and nanostructure has been a potential strategy towards developing novel solid catalysts with indispensable characteristics for efficient biomass valorization. Herein, we present a timely and comprehensive review of the recent advances in catalytic biomass conversions over microporous zeolites, mesoporous silicas, and nanostructured metals/metal oxides. This review covers the catalytic processing of both edible (lipids and starch) and non-edible (lignocellulose) biomass as well as their derived compounds, along with a systematic evaluation of catalyst reusability/kinetic/mechanistic aspects in the relevant processes. The key parameters essential for tailoring particle size, morphology, porosity, acid–base, and redox properties of solid catalysts are emphasized, while discussing the ensuing catalytic effects towards the selective conversion of biomass into desirable chemicals. Special attention has been drawn to understand the role of water in liquid phase biomass conversions as well as the hydrothermal stability and the deactivation of nanoporous catalysts. We believe this comprehensive review will provide new insights towards developing state-of-the-art solid catalysts with well-defined porosity and nanoscale properties for viable biomass conversion.

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Advances in porous and nanoscale catalysts for viable biomass conversion.

Experimental study of the effects of vegetable oil methyl ester on DI diesel engine performance characteristics and pollutant emissions

This paper presents a study of the methanol based transesterification of waste used cooking oil (WCO, 15% free fatty acid content) with the synthesized solid acid catalyst at different temperatures...

Solid Acid Catalyst for Biodiesel Production from Waste Used Cooking Oils

The characteristics of particulate mater size distribution in the exhaust gas of an automotive diesel engine have been studied for a biodiesel blend of 30% rapeseed methyl ester (RME) and 70% ultra low sulphur diesel (ULSD) by volume (B30). The engine, a twin-turbo charged V6 equipped with a common rail fuel injection system, was operated on 16 steady-state points extracted from a corresponding New European Driving Cycle test with no engine system modification and a fast differential mobility spectrometer was used to determine the particulate number concentration and distribution. It is shown that the number-size distribution is dependent on engine operating conditions including the rate of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). Compared with ULSD, B30 leads to a 41% smaller average size of the particles with EGR but gives rise to a higher number concentration under certain engine operating conditions, with the differences varying between nucleation and accumulation mode. The calculated particle total mass for B30 combustion aerosol is lower than the value with ULSD for all the engine operating conditions tested. The average B30 aerosol was 28% smaller in size on mass basis, compared to ULSD aerosol. For both fuels, the relationship between the particle total number and total mass has been found to be directly correlated and both the number and the mass of particles increase when the mean diameters of particles increase.

Sathaporn Chuepeng

Papers

Solid Acid Catalyst for Biodiesel Production from Waste Used Cooking Oils

Particulate matter size distribution in the exhaust gas of a modern diesel engine fuelled with a biodiesel blend.

A Study of Quantitative Impact on Emissions of High Proportion RME-Based Biodiesel Blends

Heat release analysis and thermal efficiency of a single cylinder diesel dual fuel engine with gasoline port injection

Particulate Emissions from a Common Rail Fuel Injection Diesel Engine with RME-based Biodiesel Blended Fuelling Using Thermo-gravimetric Analysis