This ebook is the first authorized digital version of Kernighan and Ritchie's 1988 classic, The C Programming Language (2nd Ed.). One of the best-selling programming books published in the last fifty years, "K&R" has been called everything from the "bible" to "a landmark in computer science" and it has influenced generations of programmers. Available now for all leading ebook platforms, this concise and beautifully written text is a "must-have" reference for every serious programmers digital library.

As modestly described by the authors in the Preface to the First Edition, this "is not an introductory programming manual; it assumes some familiarity with basic programming concepts like variables, assignment statements, loops, and functions. Nonetheless, a novice programmer should be able to read along and pick up the language, although access to a more knowledgeable colleague will help."

The C programming language

ing WS1S Systems to Verify Parameterized Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 Kai Baukus, Saddek Bensalem, Yassine Lakhnech and Karsten Stahl FMona: A Tool for Expressing Validation Techniques over Infinite State Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 J.-P. Bodeveix and M. Filali Transitive Closures of Regular Relations for Verifying Infinite-State Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Bengt Jonsson and Marcus Nilsson Diagnostic and Test Generation Using Static Analysis to Improve Automatic Test Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 Marius Bozga, Jean-Claude Fernandez and Lucian Ghirvu Efficient Diagnostic Generation for Boolean Equation Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 Radu Mateescu Efficient Model-Checking Compositional State Space Generation with Partial Order Reductions for Asynchronous Communicating Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 Jean-Pierre Krimm and Laurent Mounier Checking for CFFD-Preorder with Tester Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 Juhana Helovuo and Antti Valmari Fair Bisimulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 Thomas A. Henzinger and Sriram K. Rajamani Integrating Low Level Symmetries into Reachability Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 Karsten Schmidt Model-Checking Tools Model Checking Support for the ASM High-Level Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 Giuseppe Del Castillo and Kirsten Winter Table of

Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems. Proc. TACAS 2009


 The spectral ratio between horizontal and vertical components (H/V ratio) of microtremors measured at the ground surface has been used to estimate fundamental periods and amplification factors of a site, although this technique lacks theoretical background. The aim of this article is to formulate the H/V technique in terms of the characteristics of Rayleigh and Love waves, and to contribute to improve the technique. The improvement includes use of not only peaks but also troughs in the H/V ratio for reliable estimation of the period and use of a newly proposed smoothing function for better estimation of the amplification factor. The formulation leads to a simple formula for the amplification factor expressed with the H/V ratio. With microtremor data measured at 546 junior high schools in 23 wards of Tokyo, the improved technique is applied to mapping site periods and amplification factors in the area.

Ground Motion Characteristics Estimated from Spectral Ratio between Horizontal and Verticcl Components of Mietremors.

We describe the design of a string programming/expression language that supports restricted forms of regular expressions, conditionals and loops. The language is expressive enough to represent a wide variety of string manipulation tasks that end-users struggle with. We describe an algorithm based on several novel concepts for synthesizing a desired program in this language from input-output examples. The synthesis algorithm is very efficient taking a fraction of a second for various benchmark examples. The synthesis algorithm is interactive and has several desirable features: it can rank multiple solutions and has fast convergence, it can detect noise in the user input, and it supports an active interaction model wherein the user is prompted to provide outputs on inputs that may have multiple computational interpretations.The algorithm has been implemented as an interactive add-in for Microsoft Excel spreadsheet system. The prototype tool has met the golden test - it has synthesized part of itself, and has been used to solve problems beyond author's imagination.

/pdf/automating-string-processing-in-spreadsheets-using-input-43sud1e0ul.pdf

Automating string processing in spreadsheets using input-output examples

The art of writing literature review: What do we know and what do we need to know?

Building a chatbot with an iterative development process poses certain challenges for the chatbot developer. The developer is expected to produce a deployable version of the chatbot at the end of a short development cycle. Every iteration should incrementally increase the capability of the chatbot and implement a subset of overall user stories based upon a priority list, similar to any other project developed using iterative development. In this regard, commercial chatbot-building platforms offer multiple advantages to the chatbot developer, provided that the developer can map these user stories in a particular form. To do so, for every query the chatbot is expected to answer, the developer must evaluate the intention of the user. Based on the intention, the query must be processed differently, which may involve execution of some business logic. In addition, the processing of the query may require specific data items which the user must supply as part of the conversation with the chatbot. Thus, the chatbot is defined by supplying a "context" that it may encounter, and the "reaction" that must take place when the context is observed. In this work, we discuss the effects of using a platform to build a chatbot and discuss the Contextual Reactive pattern used for chatbot definition.

Contextual Reactive Pattern on Chatbot building Platforms

"Chatbot" is a colloquial term used to refer to software components that possess the ability to interact with the end-user using natural language phrases. Many commercial platforms are offering sophisticated dashboards to build these chatbots with no or minimal coding. However, the job of composing the chatbot from real-world scenarios is not a trivial activity and requires a significant understanding of the problem as well as the domain. In this work, we present the concept of Intent Sets - an Architectural choice, that impacts the overall accuracy of the chatbot. We show that the same chatbot can be built choosing one out of many possible Intent Sets. We also present our observations collected through a set of experiments while building the same chatbot over three commercial platforms - Google Dialogflow, IBM Watson Assistant and Amazon Lex.

Intent Sets: Architectural Choices for Building Practical Chatbots

In this section we show that our rules from Figure 2 are sound for MTAL0, assuming no type abstraction or type naming is present. We begin by stating some lemmas about MTAL0 (Figure 4). Lemma 2.1 (Preservation) If ` O1 link O2 ; O then ` O Lemma 2.2 (Associativity of link) If ` (O1 link O2) link O3 ; O then ` O1 link (O2 link O3) ; O. Lemma 2.3 (Commutativity of link) If ` O1 link O2 ; O then ` O2 link O1 ; O. Lemma 2.4 If ∀i, j, 1 ≤ i, j ≤ n, i 6= j . ` Oi link Oj ; Oij and if π is any permutation of {1 . . . n} then ` Oπ(1) link Oπ(2) link . . . link Oπ(n) ; O1...n with ` O1...n.

/pdf/appendix-to-cmod-modular-information-hiding-and-type-safe-3padtz7wbq.pdf

Appendix to CMod: Modular Information Hiding and Type-Safe Linking for C

Techniques are disclosed for generating complex invariants in a program using a Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) solver. In one embodiment, the generated invariants may be used to validate assert statements in a program. Additionally or alternatively, a weakest pre-condition invariant may be generated such that parameters passed to the program that satisfy the weakest pre-condition are guaranteed to satisfy the program's assert statements. Additionally or alternatively, a strongest post-condition may be generated, determining what is guaranteed to be true about the state of the program upon completion of the program. In one embodiment, the SMT solver generates invariants by mapping predicates onto unknown variables in a template. The template may comprise unknown variables related by logical structures defined with disjunctions, universal quantifiers, and existential quantifiers. The predicates may comprise equalities and inequalities between program variables.

Using Constraint Solving to Discovering Disjunctive and Quantified Invariants Over Predicate Abstraction

The surge in the growth of social entrepreneurship (SE) scholarship and its evolution concerning different fields and research areas (e.g., strategy, sociology and economics) have resulted in somewhat diverged literature lacking comprehensive representations and frameworks. As a result, the extant SE literature demands a comprehensive study of SE research from a holistic viewpoint. To address this gap, the current study provides a consensus on the SE research. The authors put forward a system theoretic analysis of SE research and afterward present a SE ecosystem model, by employing systems thinking approach and using the principle of ‘wholeness’. From a theoretical viewpoint, the study offers implications for academicians to consider systems thinking in order to understand the growth strategies and continuous social transformation in SEs from a systemic level as well as understanding the importance of collective interactions of different components of the SE phenomenon. To the practitioners or social entrepreneurs, the study provides the perspective of improving social ventures' (1) input synergies of resources, capabilities, processes and dynamism to improve and augment the continuous social transformation and (2) acquisition of knowledge from feedbacks and external changes to enhance the SE system. The study as a whole contributes to the advancement of SE research by outlining a new direction of ecosystem-based research for future scholarship. 

Saurabh Srivastava

Papers

Contextual Reactive Pattern on Chatbot building Platforms

Intent Sets: Architectural Choices for Building Practical Chatbots

Appendix to CMod: Modular Information Hiding and Type-Safe Linking for C

Using Constraint Solving to Discovering Disjunctive and Quantified Invariants Over Predicate Abstraction

An ecosystem view of social entrepreneurship through the perspective of systems thinking