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The Precariat. The New Dangerous Class

Door verplaatsing van productiebanen naar het buitenland, blijft aan de onderkant van de arbeidsmarkt slechts de lousy job over, die gekenmerkt door (1) laag salaris, (2) weinig werkuren (3) weinig verantwoordelijkheden en (4) slechte carrierevooruitzichten. De lousy job zou hierdoor slechts als problematisch kunnen worden ervaren. Dit kwalitatieve onderzoek naar de arbeidsbeleving laat echter zien dat de werkelijkheid minder eenduidig is. Het lage salaris en weinig verantwoordelijkheden door sommigen als problematisch worden ervaren; anderen vinden het werk om deze redenen juist aantrekkelijk. Weinig werkuren en weinig verantwoordelijkheden worden niet als een probleem ervaren, maar kunnen juist kansen bieden. Daarnaast blijkt dat regelvrijheid en sociale contacten als positieve onderdelen van het werk worden ervaren, ook door mensen die het werk problematisch vinden. De sociale contacten hebben een positieve invloed op de arbeidsbeleving, ongeacht of het werk als problematisch of als aantrekkelijk wordt ervaren. De lousy job heeft hiermee een integratieve functie.

A brave new world of work

Objectives: to measure sex differences in the risk of receiving potentially inappropriate prescription drugs and to examine what are the factors that contribute to these differences.

Design: a retrospective cohort study.

Setting: community setting of British Columbia, Canada.

Participants: residents of British Columbia aged 65 and older (n = 660,679).

Measurements: we measured 2013 period prevalence of prescription dispensations satisfying the American Geriatrics Society's 2012 version of the Beers Criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. We used logistic regressions to test for associations between this outcome and a number of clinical and socioeconomic factors.

Results: a larger share of women (31%) than of men (26%) filled one or more potentially inappropriate prescription in the community. The odds of receiving potentially inappropriate prescriptions are associated with several clinical and socioeconomic factors. After controlling for those factors, community-dwelling women were at 16% higher odds of receiving a potentially inappropriate prescription than men (adjusted odds ratio = 1.16, 95% confidence interval = 1.12–1.21). Much of this sex difference stemmed from women's increased odds of receiving potentially inappropriate prescriptions for benzodiazepines and other hypnotics, for tertiary tricyclic antidepressants and for non-selective NSAIDs.

Conclusion: there are significant sex differences in older adults' risk of receiving a potentially inappropriate prescription as a result of complex intersections between gender and other social constructs. Appropriate responses will therefore require changes in the information, norms and expectations of both prescribers and patients.

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Sex differences in the risk of receiving potentially inappropriate prescriptions among older adults.

The Saturn Division of General Motors (GM) provides a critical case for thinking about the future of contemporary American industrial relations. This is not due to any widespread imitation of the Saturn model of industrial relations, but rather because, as Rubinstein and Kochan describe it, Saturn represents the ‘pinnacle of the transformation of the industrial relations system’ (38) in the United States.

Learning from Saturn: Possibilities for Corporate Governance and Employee Relations

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0840470416658907

Universal prescription drug coverage in Canada: Long-promised yet undelivered

Fighting precarious work with institutional power: Union inclusion and its limits across spheres of action

Reforming private drug coverage in Canada: Inefficient drug benefit design and the barriers to change in unionized settings

This article analyses the expansion of precarious work in industrialized economies, integrating the welfare regime, risk shift and segmentation literatures. I examine trends in wages, working hours...

Rethinking precariousness and its evolution: A four-country study of work in food retail:

/pdf/collective-voice-and-worker-well-being-union-influence-on-448wg29od5.pdf

Collective Voice and Worker Well‐being: Union Influence on Performance Monitoring and Emotional Exhaustion in Call Centers

This article provides insights on how union power influences the outcomes of labour‐management partnerships, with a focus on insecurity. It examines matched pairs of food retailers in Canada and Sweden. Trends in wages, scheduling and union coverage from 1980 to 2016 are compared. Actors in both contexts adopted partnering strategies in response to intensified price competition. However, the Swedish partnerships produced stable work arrangements, while working conditions eroded considerably in Canada. Bargaining structures, union security and identity are examined to explain the variations. As market competition intensified, the Swedish union gained leverage by using partnerships to fight unfair competition and promote sectoral well‐being in the process. Meanwhile, the Canadian union lost leverage, instead using partnerships to align employment practices with those of low‐cost market entrants and enhancing store‐level performance at all costs. The argument is that markets can be a resource for unions, even in low‐skilled service sectors, but only under inclusive institutions.

Sean O’Brady

Papers

Fighting precarious work with institutional power: Union inclusion and its limits across spheres of action

Reforming private drug coverage in Canada: Inefficient drug benefit design and the barriers to change in unionized settings

Rethinking precariousness and its evolution: A four-country study of work in food retail:

Collective Voice and Worker Well‐being: Union Influence on Performance Monitoring and Emotional Exhaustion in Call Centers

Partnering against Insecurity? A Comparison of Markets, Institutions and Worker Risk in Canadian and Swedish Retail