Phase change materials for thermal energy storage

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A comprehensive review on the applications of coal fly ash

Thermal energy storage (TES) systems using phase change material (PCM) have been recognized as one of the most advanced energy technologies in enhancing the energy efficiency and sustainability of buildings. Now the research is focus on suitable method to incorporate PCMs with building. There are several methods to use phase change materials (PCMs) in thermal energy storage (TES) for different applications. Microencapsulation is one of the well known and advanced technologies for better utilization of PCMs with building parts, such as, wall, roof and floor besides, within the building materials. Phase change materials based microencapsulation for latent heat thermal storage (LHTS) systems for building application offers a challenging option to be employed as effective thermal energy storage and a retrieval device. Since the particular interest in using microencapsulation PCMs for concrete and wall/wallboards, the specific research efforts on both subjects are reviewed separately. This paper presents an overview of the previous research work on microencapsulation technology for thermal energy storage incorporating the phase change materials (PCMs) in the building applications, along with few useful conclusive remarks concluded from the available literature.

Development of phase change materials based microencapsulated technology for buildings: a review

The building sector is the dominant energy consumer with a total 30% share of the overall energy consumption and accounts for one-third of the greenhouse gas emissions around the world. Moreover, in recent years the energy demands for buildings have increased very rapidly due to increase in the growth rate of population and improvement in living standards of people. Furthermore, fossil fuels will continue to dominate the world's primary energy by 2030. Thus, the increase in energy demand, shortage of fossil fuels and environmental concerns has provided impetus to the development of sustainable building and renewable energy resources. Thermal energy storage is an efficient method for applying to building envelopes to improve the energy efficiency of buildings. This, in turn, reduces the environmental impact related to energy usage. The combination of construction materials and PCM is an efficient way to increase the thermal energy storage capacity of construction elements. Therefore, an extensive review on the incorporation of PCM into construction materials and elements by direct incorporation, immersion, encapsulation, shape-stabilization and form-stable composite PCMs is presented. For the first time, the differentiation between shape-stabilized and form-stable composite PCM has been made. Moreover, various construction materials such as diatomite, expanded perlite and graphite, etc. which are used as supports for form-stable composite PCM along with their worldwide availability are extensively discussed. One of the main aims of this review paper is to focus on the test methods which are used to determine the chemical compatibility, thermal properties, thermal stability and thermal conductivity of the PCM. Hence, the details related to calibration, sample preparation, test cell and analysis of test results are comprehensively covered. Finally, because of the renewed interest in integration of PCM in wallboards and concrete, an up-to-date review with focus on PCM enhanced wallboard and concrete for building applications is added.

Phase change materials integrated in building walls: A state of the art review

The use of latent heat storage, microencapsulated phase change materials (MEPCMs), is one of the most efficient ways of storing thermal energy and it has received a growing attention in the past decade. However, there is no complete overview of its utilization in thermal energy storage systems, and the information is widely spread in the literature. In this paper, a comprehensive review has been carried out for MEPCMs. Four aspects have been the focus of this review: fabrication and characterization of MEPCMs, applications of MEPCMs to the textile and building, fundamental properties of microencapsulated phase change material slurry (MPCS) and application of MPCS to the thermal energy storage system. Over 140 recent publications are referenced in this paper.

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Review on microencapsulated phase change materials (MEPCMs): Fabrication, characterization and applications

Co-pyrolysis characteristics of sawdust and coal blend in TGA and a fixed bed reactor.

The effects of reaction temperature (750−900 °C), steam/fuel ratio (0.5−0.8), and biomass ratio (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) on the gasification characteristics have been determined in a dual circulating fluidized bed reactor (combustor, 0.04 m × 0.11 m × 4.5 m high; gasifier, 0.04 m × 0.285 m × 2.13 m high). Indonesian Tinto sub-bituminous coal and Quercus acutissima sawdust were used as the coal and biomass, respectively. The product gas yield, carbon conversion, and cold gas efficiency from gasification of biomass are higher than those of coal with increasing temperature and steam/fuel ratio. After pyrolysis, surface area, pore volume, and micropores of coal/biomass blend char increase. The maximum increase in gas yield can be obtained with a biomass ratio of 0.5 at the given reaction temperature. Calorific values of the product gas are 9.89−11.15 MJ/m3 with the coal, 12.10−13.19 MJ/m3 with the biomass, and 13.77−14.39 MJ/m3 with the coal/biomass blends at 800 °C. The synergistic effects on the basis of cal...

Gasification Characteristics of Coal/Biomass Blend in a Dual Circulating Fluidized Bed Reactor

Gasification characteristics of coke and mixture with coal in an entrained-flow gasifier

Pyrolysis characteristics of coal and RDF blends in non-isothermal and isothermal conditions

Micro-encapsulated phase change material (Micro-PCM) could be used for high density thermal energy storage and also for PCM-building materials. Micro-PCM was prepared by in-situ polymerization at 60°C after the emulsifying step by using 5 wt% Styrene Maleic Anhydride (SMA) solution as an emulsifier. The particle size of Micro-PCM decreased and the size uniformity was improved with an increase of the mixing intensity during emulsification. The average diameter of Micro-PCM was 5-20 μm. The thermal fluctuation of PCM-building materials such as gypsum and olefin film mixed with Micro-PCM was smoother and smaller than typical building materials without PCM.

See Hoon Lee

Papers

Co-pyrolysis characteristics of sawdust and coal blend in TGA and a fixed bed reactor.

Gasification Characteristics of Coal/Biomass Blend in a Dual Circulating Fluidized Bed Reactor

Gasification characteristics of coke and mixture with coal in an entrained-flow gasifier

Pyrolysis characteristics of coal and RDF blends in non-isothermal and isothermal conditions

Development of building materials by using micro-encapsulated phase change material