. Gustianingtyas M, Herlinda S, Suwandi. 2021. The endophytic fungi from South Sumatra (Indonesia) and their pathogenicity against the new invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. Biodiversitas 22: 1051-1062. Maize in Indonesia is currently experiencing attacks and outbreaks of the new invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. The S. frugiperda larvae emerge from the leaf midrib when eating, after hiding in the maize stalk so that it is difficult to control by contact. This study aimed to find out the endophytic fungi from the roots of maize, banana and chili in South Sumatra and to determine their pathogenicity against S. frugiperda larvae. The endophytic fungi were isolated from the plant roots. Fungal isolates proven to be endophytic were dropped (1 × 106 conidia mL?1) on the second instar larvae. The result showed that the endophytic fungi found were 8 isolates consisting of the genus, Aspergillus sp., Beauveria sp., Chaetomium sp., and Curvularia sp. First report of Aspergillus sp., Chaetomium sp., and Curvularia sp. have insecticidal activity against S. frugiperda larvae. However, the two most pathogenic isolates were JgCrJr and JgSPK isolates of Beauveria sp. with larval mortality of 29.33% and 26.67%, respectively, and could reduce the emergence of S. frugiperda adults up to 44%. So, the two isolates of Beauveria sp. have a high potential to be developed to control S. frugiperda larvae in maize both in the lowlands and the highlands.

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The endophytic fungi from South Sumatra (Indonesia) and their pathogenecity against the new invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda

The use of plant varieties can affect the presence and extent of pest attacks. Resistant varieties will cause a lower attack rate compared to susceptible varieties. It is not yet known which varieties of maize are resistant to Fall armyworm (S. frugiperda) (FAW) in the field, because this pest is an invasive pest and entered Indonesia one year ago. Research has been carried out to study the distribution, population, and level of S. frugiperda attack on maize varieties planted by farmers in the field. The research was conducted at the first location this pest was reported in West Pasaman district, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Survey on farmers’ corn with a sampling method: purposive random sampling. Samples were taken from different varieties of corn and showed signs of S. frugiperda attack. Observations were made on the varieties planted by farmers, symptoms, larvae population, and S. frugiperda attack rate. The results of the observations were that several trademarks of maize varieties grown by farmers were: Pioneer 32, Pertiwi, Bisi 18, NK7328, and NK212. The symptoms of this pest attack were the same for all varieties of maize, while the attack rate was significantly different at the 5% level. The attack rate ranged from 6.0 to 96.0%. The lowest attack percentage was on variety Bisi18, and the highest was on variety NK212. The population of S. frugiperda larvae was found in all varieties of maize with an average of 0.70 larvae per stem.

The use of several maize varieties by farmers and the infestation of Spodoptera frugiperda (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera)

Different controlling methods of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in maize farms of small-scale producers in Cameroon

Background: The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a new invasive pest in
Indonesia causing fnancial losses. S. frugiperda larvae hide in the leaf midrib all day. To overcome the hidden larvae,
pathogenic endophytic fungi are needed. The objective of this research was to molecularly identify the endophytic
fungal species from South Sumatra and determine the most pathogenic species against S. frugiperda larvae. Endophytic fungal identifcation was based on morphological and molecular characteristics. The molecular identifcation
was based on gene sequential analysis of Intergenic Transcribed Spacer (ITS) 1 and ITS 4. Bioassay of the endophytic fungal species was treated against the 2nd larval instar of S. frugiperda.
Result: The results of molecular identifcation revealed endophytic fungal species consisted of Chaetomium sp.
(GaTpeOi, JgTjPr, PiCrPga, and CaCjPga isolates), Aspergillus niger (L.) Van Tieghem (PsgTjPr, JgByU, and JaBuBys), Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (JgSPK, JaGiP, JaSpkPGA(2), JgCrJr, and JaTpOi (1) isolates), Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boed. (JaGiPRB, CMTJP, JaMsBys, JaSpkPga(3), and JgTgSr isolates), Aspergillus favus Link. (JgPWSR isolate), Penicillium citrinum Thom F 1539 (JaTpOi(2) isolate), and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorokin (CaTpPGA isolate).
All fungal isolates were deposited in the GenBank. The endophytic fungal species of B. bassiana (JgSPK isolate) caused up to (22.67%) mortality, C. lunata (JaSpkPga(3) isolate) caused (17.33%) mortality, and M. anisopliae (CaTpPga isolate) caused (8%) mortality of the pest’s larvae. First report of B. bassiana and C. lunata isolated from maize (Zea mays L.), while M. anisopliae was isolated from red chili (Capsicum annuum L.) as entomopathogenic endophytic fungi against S. frugiperda larvae in Indonesia.
Conclusion: The endophytic fungi species of B. bassiana, C. lunata, and M. anisopliae had potentials as entomopathogens of S. frugiperda.
Keywords: Endophytic fungi, Invasive pest, Spodoptera frugiperda, Morphological and molecular identifcations,
Indonesia

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Endophytic fungi confirmed as entomopathogens of the new invasive pest, the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), infesting maize in South Sumatra, Indonesia

First report of occurrence of corn and rice strains of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda in South Sumatra, Indonesia and its damage in maize

. Hutasoit RT, Kalqutny SH, Widiarta IN. 2020. Spatial distribution pattern, bionomic, and demographic parameters of a new invasive species of armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) in maize of South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3576-3582. The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, has reportedly been found in Indonesia since 2019. The main hosts of this new invading insect are food crops and several other crops. This study aimed to examine the spatial distribution pattern, bionomic, and demographic parameters for developing a sampling plan and strategy to control the pest. The study was conducted by observing the total population of S. frugiperda on nine plots of maize plants weekly. The development of S. frugiperda from egg to adult was also observed in plastic containers (diameter of 4 cm x height of 8 cm) fed with maize in controlled room conditions (temperature = 29 ± 2.1°C, 74 ± 10.1% RH). Observations were made on several bionomic and demographic parameters. The results of the study showed that the S. frugiperda distributes in groups, and each group spreads with a low grouping rate. The life cycle of S. frugiperda occurs for an average of 25.11 days with a range of 24-26 days. The net reproduction rate (Ro) of S. frugiperda was 422.46 individuals/parent/generation. S. frugiperda‘s intrinsic rate of increase was 0.22 individuals/parent/day. The length of generation (T) and S. frugiperda doubling time (DT) were 26.59 and 3.04 days, respectively. This species has survived well on the maize in the new habitat, so it will threaten the food crops, especially the maize. A sampling plan can be developed based on spatial distribution parameters to monitor population density to implement a control threshold and control measures from the early stage of maize during adult pre-emergence.

/pdf/spatial-distribution-pattern-bionomic-and-demographic-lq7qnegm66.pdf

Spatial distribution pattern, bionomic, and demographic parameters of a new invasive species of armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) in maize of South Sumatra, Indonesia

Septian Hary Kalqutny

Papers

Spatial distribution pattern, bionomic, and demographic parameters of a new invasive species of armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) in maize of South Sumatra, Indonesia