As per ISO and ASTM standards, nanoparticles are particles of sizes ranging from 1 to 100nm with one or more dimensions. The nanoparticles are generally classified into the organic, inorganic and carbon based particles in nanometric scale that has improved properties compared to larger sizes of respective materials. The nanoparticles show enhanced properties such as high reactivity, strength, surface area, sensitivity, stability, etc. because of their small size. The nanoparticles are synthesised by various methods for research and commercial uses that are classified into three main types namely physical, chemical and mechanical processes that has seen a vast improvement over time. This paper presents a review on nanoparticles, their types, properties, synthesis methods and its applications in the field of environment.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/263/3/032019/pdf

A review on the classification, characterisation, synthesis of nanoparticles and their application

Review on recent progress in chitosan-based hydrogels for wastewater treatment application.

Metal organic framework (MOF) porous octahedral nanocrystals of Cu-BTC: Synthesis, properties and enhanced adsorption properties

Graphene oxide crosslinked hydrogel nanocomposites of xanthan gum for the adsorption of crystal violet dye

Adsorption of Amido Black 10B from aqueous solution using polyaniline/SiO2 nanocomposite: Experimental investigation and artificial neural network modeling.

An efficient removal of RB5 from aqueous solution by adsorption onto nano-ZnO/Chitosan composite beads

Removal of thorium (IV) ions from aqueous solution by a novel nanoporous ZnO: Isotherms, kinetic and thermodynamic studies.

The adsorption of the uranyl ions from aqueous solutions on the nanoporous ZnO powders has been investigated under different experimental conditions. The adsorption of uranyl on nanoporous ZnO powders were examined as a function of the contact times, pH of the solution, concentration of uranium(VI) and temperature. The ability of this material to remove U(VI) from aqueous solution was followed by a series of Langmuir and Freunlinch adsorption isotherms. The adsorption percent and distribution coefficient for nanoporous ZnO powders were 98.65 % ± 1.05 and 7,304 mL g−1, respectively. The optimum conditions were found as at pH 5.0, contact time 1 h, at 1/5 Zn2+/urea ratio, 50 ppm U(VI) concentration and 303 K. The monomolecular adsorption capacity of nanoporous ZnO powders for U(VI) was found to be 1,111 mg g−1 at 303 K. Using the thermodynamic equilibrium constants obtained at different temperatures, various thermodynamic parameters, such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS°, have been calculated. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔH° = 28.1 kJ mol −1, ΔS° = 160.30 J mol−1 K−1, ΔG° = −48.54 kJ mol−1) showed the endothermic and spontaneous of the process. The results suggested that nanoporous ZnO powders was suitable as sorbent material for recovery and adsorption of U(VI) ions from aqueous solutions.

Removal of uranium(VI) from aqueous solutions using nanoporous ZnO prepared with microwave-assisted combustion synthesis

Modeling of thorium (IV) ions adsorption onto a novel adsorbent material silicon dioxide nano-balls using response surface methodology.

Nano-ZnO-chitosan bio-composite beads were prepared for the sorption of $${\text{UO}}_{2}^{{2+}}$$
 from aqueous media. The resulting nano-ZnO/CTS bio-composite beads were characterized by TEM, XRD etc. The sorption of $${\text{UO}}_{2}^{{2+}}$$
 by bio-composite beads was optimized using RSM. The correlation between four variables was modelled and studied. According to RSM data, correlation coefficients (R2 = 0.99) and probability F-values (F = 2.24 × 10− 10) show that the model fits the experimental data well. Adsorption capacity for nano-ZnO/CTS bio-composite beads was obtained at 148.7 mg/g under optimum conditions. The results indicate that nano-ZnO/CTS bio-composite beads are appropriate for the adsorption of $${\text{UO}}_{2}^{{2+}}$$
 ions from aqueous media. Also, the suitability of adsorption values to adsorption isotherms was researched and thermodynamic data were calculated.

Sermin Çam Kaynar

Papers

An efficient removal of RB5 from aqueous solution by adsorption onto nano-ZnO/Chitosan composite beads

Removal of thorium (IV) ions from aqueous solution by a novel nanoporous ZnO: Isotherms, kinetic and thermodynamic studies.

Removal of uranium(VI) from aqueous solutions using nanoporous ZnO prepared with microwave-assisted combustion synthesis

Modeling of thorium (IV) ions adsorption onto a novel adsorbent material silicon dioxide nano-balls using response surface methodology.

Modelling and Optimization of Uranium (VI) Ions Adsorption Onto Nano-ZnO/Chitosan Bio-composite Beads with Response Surface Methodology (RSM)