Showing papers by "Seyed Ali Nabavizadeh published in 2014"

Correlation of prenatal and postnatal MRI findings in schizencephaly.

Abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Schizencephaly is a rare malformation of the brain characterized by a gray matter–lined defect extending from the pial surface to the lateral ventricles. The purpose of this study was to correlate imaging findings of schizencephaly and associated anomalies on fetal and postnatal MR imaging and assess possible changes that may occur from the prenatal-to-postnatal state. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of subjects with schizencephaly who had both pre- and postnatal MR imaging was performed. Subject age, cleft type, number, location, and features of the defects and associated anomalies were recorded. Normalized dimensions of the defect and ipsilateral ventricle were measured and correlated to changes in the clefts between pre- and postnatal imaging. RESULTS: Ten subjects with 18 clefts (8 bilateral) were included. Most defects (83%) were open on prenatal MR imaging, but 47% of those were found to have subsequently closed on postnatal imaging. Evidence of prior hemorrhage was seen in 83%. Prenatal MR imaging detected all cases of an absent septum pellucidum but detected a fraction of gross polymicrogyria and missed all cases of optic nerve hypoplasia. The normalized ipsilateral ventricular and inner and middle width dimensions of the defects were significantly decreased at postnatal imaging (P .05). CONCLUSIONS: In our series, nearly half of prenatally open schizencephaly defects had closed on postnatal imaging. Prenatal MR imaging was only able to demonstrate some of the associated anomalies.

Utility of susceptibility-weighted imaging and arterial spin perfusion imaging in pediatric brain arteriovenous shunting.

Abstract: The objectives of the study are to investigate the application of susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) and arterial spin labeling (ASL) imaging in the assessment of shunting and the draining veins in pediatric patients with arteriovenous shunting and compare the utility of SWI and ASL with conventional MR and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). This study is a retrospective study of 19 pediatric patients with arteriovenous shunting on brain MRI who were also evaluated with DSA. We assessed the ability of conventional MRI sequences, susceptibility magnitude images, phase-filtered SWI images, and pulsed ASL images in the detection of arteriovenous (AV) shunting, number of draining veins and drainage pathways in comparison to DSA. The mean number of detected draining veins on DSA (3.63) was significantly higher compared to SWI phase-filtered image (mean = 2.72), susceptibility magnitude image (mean = 2.92), ASL (mean = 1.76) and conventional MRI (2.47) (p 0.05). ASL was the only method that correctly identified superficial and deep venous drainage in all patients. Regarding detection of shunting, ASL, SWI phase-filtered, and magnitude images demonstrated shunting in 100, 83, and 84 % of patients, respectively. SWI depicts a higher number of draining vein compared to conventional MR pulse sequences. ASL is a sensitive approach in showing 100 % sensitivity in the detection of AV shunting and in the diagnosis of the pattern of venous drainage. The present findings suggest the added utility of both SWI and ASL in the assessment of AV shunting.

CT and MRI of pediatric skull lesions with fluid-fluid levels.

Abstract: SUMMARY: Fluid-fluid levels can occur whenever different fluid densities are contained within a cystic or compartmentalized lesion, usually related to the evolution of hematoma or necrosis. Review of the literature demonstrated that throughout the skeletal system, the most common etiology for fluid-fluid levels is aneurysmal bone cyst, but there are no dedicated studies of the pediatric calvaria, to our knowledge. In this report, we present clinicopathologic characteristics and CT and MR imaging of 11 patients with pediatric skull mass lesions demonstrating fluid-fluid levels. MR imaging demonstrated more fluid-fluid levels compared with CT in all cases. The etiologies of skull lesions with fluid-fluid levels were Langerhans cell histiocytosis in 4 (36.6%), aneurysmal bone cysts in 3 (27.2%), cephalohematoma in 3 (27.2%), and metastatic neuroblastoma in 1 (9%). Radiologists should be aware of the other etiologies of calvarial lesions with fluid-fluid levels in the pediatric skull. ABC : aneurysmal bone cyst FFL : fluid-fluid level LCH : Langerhans cell histiocytosis

High-resolution 3-T MR imaging of the temporal part of the caudate tail in children

Abstract: This study aims to investigate the high-resolution 3-T MRI appearance and morphological variation of the temporal part of the caudate tail in pediatric subjects with normal brain MR examinations. One hundred pediatric patients were retrospectively evaluated using a high-resolution 3-T imaging protocol. Different morphological parameters including shape, size, and symmetry were evaluated. The appearance and shape of the caudate tail were classified into nodular, linear, or imperceptible. The location and relation of the caudate tail to the temporal horn and adjacent brain parenchyma were categorized. Relationships between age, gender, shape, location, side, and the cross-sectional area of the caudate tail were investigated. The caudate tail was imperceptible in 22 %, had a nodular shape in 66.5 %, and was flat in 11.5 %. There was asymmetry of the caudate tail between the two sides in 37 % of subjects. The caudate tail was completely embedded within the temporal lobe parenchyma in 8.3 %, completely protruding into the temporal horn in 27.5 %, or intermediate in 64.1 %. The mean cross-sectional area of the caudate tail was constant across ages despite the varied age range of the subjects. There was no difference in overall mean cross-sectional area of the caudate tail between the two sides. There is a wide variation in the appearance of the caudate tail adjacent to the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle. Identification of anatomical variation of the caudate tail may prevent potential diagnostic pitfalls, especially with respect to subependymal heterotopia.

Deep renal ectopia causing sciatic mononeuropathy.

Abstract: Sciatic mononeuropathy resulting from compression by an adjacent pelvic ectopic kidney has not been reported in the literature. Here, the authors present a case of a patient presenting with unilateral lower extremity paresthesia correlating to the sciatic nerve distribution. MRI examination demonstrated lumbosacral plexus compression by a very unusual deeply situated renal ectopia. Physicians should consider other rare causes of mechanical lumbosacral plexus compression in patients with sciatic symptomatology.