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The Survey Handbook

Over the last years great efforts have been devoted to the analysis of the digital divide at the 
international level. In contrast, the evidence about the regional digital divide is still scarce, 
especially in the case of the European Union. Within this context, the aim of this paper is to 
remedy this deficiency, trying to throw some light on the state of ICT adoption across European 
regions. On the basis of a set of ICT-related indicators, we perform a factor analysis that leads 
us to the development of a ranking, identifying best-and-worst performing regions. The Top-10 
mainly corresponds to Dutch regions, while Greece and Bulgaria occupy the Bottom-10. Hence, 
results show that the regional digital divide reflects to some extent the income gap. However, 
regional policy towards ICT seems to be having some positive implications for technology 
adoption. Finally, we assess the regional divides within each Member State.

Assessing the regional digital divide across the European Union-27

Impact of positivity and empathy on social entrepreneurial intention: The moderating role of perceived social support

From digital divide to digital inclusion: Challenges for wide-ranging digitalization in Pakistan

In prior studies, several researchers have adopted entrepreneurial orientation (EO) in determining students’ intention toward entrepreneurship, although the application of EO is scant in determining intention toward social entrepreneurship in existing literature. Hence, in consideration of this research gap, the current study empirically examines the influence of the dimensions of social entrepreneurial orientation (SEO): social vision, social proactiveness, innovativeness, and risk-taking motive on graduate students’ entrepreneurial intention toward social entrepreneurship-based business start-up. An online-based survey method was used to collect data from a sample of 465 students purposively who were studying at different universities in Bangladesh. A PLS-based SEM was applied to analyze the data and examined the proposed relationships in the conceptual model. The findings reveal that Graduate students’ social proactiveness, innovativeness, and risk-taking motive significantly affect their social entrepreneurial intention. However, students’ social vision does not have direct influence but has indirect influence on social entrepreneurial intention through their social entrepreneurial attitudes. The research contributes to the body of knowledge in the existing social entrepreneurship literature as well as provides practical implications for the policymakers, practitioners, and stakeholders working toward flourishing of social-based entrepreneurship, venture, and start-up.

https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/11/6386/pdf

Graduate Students’ Behavioral Intention towards Social Entrepreneurship: Role of Social Vision, Innovativeness, Social Proactiveness, and Risk Taking

Determinants of social entrepreneurial intentions for educational programs

Antecedents of task performance: An examination of transformation leadership, team communication, team creativity, and team trust

The aim and purpose of this paper is to contribute and understand the nature of the digital divide as it affects the Pakistani citizens, who are users of NADRA online portal. To study the digital divide; NADRA is the best case because this institute is rich in this context; it is the most developed e-services provider of the government of Pakistan. It is compulsory for every citizen of Pakistan to get register with NADRA to avail facilities of Travelling within and outside the country, to have a bank account, apply for jobs, having a house, driving license and many more. To conduct the survey data was collected from the citizen of Pakistan living in Turkey, China, and Pakistan. 355 responses were collected, and ANOVA and t-test were perform using SPSS-16. Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was used to measure the attitude and intention of individuals towards e-services provided by government whereas, demographic, geographic, education and computer and internet experiences are the digital divide dimensions. Results reveal that location, education, and computer and internet significantly affect the user attitude and intention whereas gender and age are not significant. Overall, this study offers an understanding of complex of digital divide concepts.

/pdf/important-dimensions-of-digital-divide-a-case-study-of-nadra-hy98lxl86t.pdf

Important Dimensions of Digital Divide: A case study of NADRA Portal Pakistan

While research on the use of technology to enhance learner satisfaction has received so much consideration from scholars, only limited studies have examined the effects and usefulness of virtual learning about learner satisfaction. In this study, Technology Adoption Model (TAM) and Task-Technology Fit theory (TTF) have been integrated to explore how virtual learning plays a significant role specifically by testing the mediation effects that virtual learning has on the relationship between peer interaction, perceived usefulness, ease of use and learner satisfaction. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique was used to analyze the data whereby both Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA) and a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were performed on the variables. The results indicate that all hypotheses have been confirmed by providing significant positive relationships between the variables and more importantly, virtual learning plays a highly significant role in promoting learner satisfaction. It is concluded that higher learning institutions should incorporate virtual learning methods to motivate learners in order to encourage satisfaction hence ensuring higher performance.

/pdf/technology-embedded-educational-policy-mediation-effects-of-nqjp0dmi9i.pdf

Shah Hassan

Papers

Determinants of social entrepreneurial intentions for educational programs

Antecedents of task performance: An examination of transformation leadership, team communication, team creativity, and team trust

Important Dimensions of Digital Divide: A case study of NADRA Portal Pakistan

Technology-Embedded Educational Policy: Mediation Effects of the Use of Virtual Learning Influence on Learner Satisfaction