Shamsul Hayat

TL;DR: Review of the literature indicates that a stressful environment results in an overproduction of proline in plants which in turn imparts stress tolerance by maintaining cell turgor or osmotic balance; stabilizing membranes thereby preventing electrolyte leakage; and bringing concentrations of reactive oxygen species within normal ranges, thus preventing oxidative burst in plants.

TL;DR: Various intrinsic biosynthetic pathways, interplay of SA and MeSA, its long distance transport and signaling, and the effect of exogenous application of SA on bio-productivity, growth, photosynthesis, plant water relations, various enzyme activities and its effect on the plants exposed to various biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed.

TL;DR: The role of brassinosteroids in response to various kinds of stresses via activation of different mechanisms is described and changes in plants interacting with bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens are described.

TL;DR: Aqueous solutions of salicylic acid (SA) were applied to the foliage of 30-d-old plants of mustard (Brassica juncea Czern & Coss cv. Varuna).

TL;DR: This review focuses the correlation between sugars and their protective functions in several physiological processes against various abiotic stresses and enlightens the interaction of sugars with several phytohormones and its effect on their biosynthesis under abiotic stress conditions.