Arctigenin (AR) and its glycoside, arctiin, are two major active ingredients of Arctium lappa L (A lappa), a popular medicinal herb and health supplement frequently used in Asia. In the past several decades, bioactive components from A lappa have attracted the attention of researchers due to their promising therapeutic effects. In the current article, we aimed to provide an overview of the pharmacology of AR and arctiin, focusing on their anti-inflammatory effects, pharmacokinetics properties and clinical efficacies. Compared to acrtiin, AR was reported as the most potent bioactive component of A lappa in the majority of studies. AR exhibits potent anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) via modulation of several cytokines. Due to its potent anti-inflammatory effects, AR may serve as a potential therapeutic compound against both acute inflammation and various chronic diseases. However, pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated the extensive glucuronidation and hydrolysis of AR in liver, intestine and plasma, which might hinder its in vivo and clinical efficacy after oral administration. Based on the reviewed pharmacological and pharmacokinetic characteristics of AR, further pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of AR via alternative administration routes are suggested to promote its ability to serve as a therapeutic agent as well as an ideal bioactive marker for A lappa.

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Overview of the anti-inflammatory effects, pharmacokinetic properties and clinical efficacies of arctigenin and arctiin from Arctium lappa L.

http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2652&context=hkbu_staff_publication

Comparison of the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of three medicinal plants known as "Snow Lotus" herb in traditional Uighur and Tibetan medicines.

Para ampliar el conocimiento de la diversidad genetica que presenta el complejo Cryptococcus neoformans en Espana, se analizaron 97 aislamientos de esta levadura obtenidos a partir de muestras ambientales, veterinarias y clinicas, utilizando 3 tecnicas epidemiologicas moleculares diferentes. Uno de estos marcadores moleculares, el analisis del URA5 RFLP, se ha descrito previamente como herramienta epidemiologica, por lo que se dispone de perfiles estandar y cepas de referencia. Ademas, se utilizaron tambien el analisis del RFLP del 5S rDNA/IGS y la huella digital tras amplificacion por PCR de la secuencia microsatelite [GACA]4. Nuestros resultados muestran 5 de los genotipos URA5 con una elevada frecuencia del tipo VNI (33%), lo que concuerda con otros estudios. Es de resaltar la elevada presencia del perfil VNIII entre nuestras cepas (28,9%), lo que podria ser el rasgo especifico mas destacable de los aislamientos de nuestro pais. El marcador 5S rDNA/IGS mostro un bajo poder discriminativo intraespecie. Se obtuvieron 3 perfiles moleculares distintos (S1-3), que presentaron una buena correlacion con las especies, variedades y genotipos. La obtencion de perfiles de huella digital con [GACA]4, presento una gran variabilidad entre las cepas estudiadas. La representacion en dendrograma agrupo las cepas en 4 agrupamientos principales relacionados con el origen de las levaduras y tambien con cierta concordancia con los genotipos descritos (VNI-IV y VGI)

Molecular epidemiology of isolates of the Cryptococcus neoformans species complex from Spain

The sclerotium of Poria cocos has been used in the Chinese pharmacopoeia during thousands of years. In this note several aspects about the biology and nomenclature of this fungus are summarized, with emphasis on its composition and therapeutic applications.

Interés medicinal de Poria cocos (=Wolfiporia extensa).

Comparative studies on Ophiopogonis and Liriopes based on the determination of 11 bioactive components using LC–MS/MS and Hierarchical clustering analysis

The invention discloses a preparation method of a lithocarpus polystachyus rehd fermented health drink, which comprises the following steps that: (1) adding lithocarpus polystachyus rehd sweet tea leaves into water, heating, boiling, maintaining boiling for 10 to 20min, staying still so that the lithocarpus polystachyus rehd sweet tea leaves are precipitated, and taking the supernatant as sweet tea solution; (2) selecting yeast fermentation fluid, acetic acid bacteria fermentation fluid and lactobacillus fermentation fluid as fermentation broth; and (3) switching the fermentation fluid into the sweet tea solution, adding sugar, staying still and culturing for 48 to 72h at 30DEG C, and taking filtrate as the lithocarpus polystachyus rehd fermented health drink. The method takes the lithocarpus polystachyus rehd sweet tea as a culture medium to be fermented with lactobacillus, acetic acid bacteria and yeast, and the prepared lithocarpus polystachyus rehd fermented health drink has a plurality of health care functions and natural flavor. The lactobacillus, acetic acid bacteria and yeast that the method adopts can promote human development, improve the immunity and delay the body aging; and the lactobacillus has the effect of antibacterium, intestinal peristalsis promotion, digestion assistance, pathogenicbacteria killing, vitamin and amino acid synthesis in the intestinal tract and the like.

Preparation method of lithocarpus polystachyus rehd fermented health drink

The invention discloses a plant medical preparation for treating or improving the insomnia without side effects, addiction or dependence to the human memory disorders and a preparation method thereof; the medical preparation for treating insomnia comprises active components of the volume ratios: valerian extracts 1 to 4 portions, spine date seed extracts 14 to 24 portions and goes through the researches of pharmacodynamics, toxicology, general pharmacology, preparation process, quality inspection and stability investigation. By adopting the valerian essential oil and the spine seed date oil composed in a suitable proportion, the invention has significant effects of synergistic interaction and stabilization of the two medicines; the preparation can also improve the biological availability obviously and further improve the efficacy with the adoption of self-emulsifying releasing medicine valerian essential oil soft capsules. Study results show that the invention has the advantages of great safety, marked or improvement effect for the insomnia, simple process, good maturity and stability; by particularly adopting a self-emulsifying medicine releasing system, the invention which can reduce doses, reduce the cost and has great actual application values is characterized by safety, rapid availability, high efficiency, convenience, beautiful exterior and stable quality.

Medicine preparation for treating insomnia and preparing method thereof

Three homoisoflavonoids, 6-aldehydo-3-ophiopogonanone A, methyl ophiopogonanone A and ophiopogonanone A from Ophiopogon japonicus were analyzed simultaneously by HPLC with acetonitrile-water containing 0.5% H3 PO4 (58:42) as the mobile phase, and the detection wavelength was set at 296 nm (0-14 min) and 275 nm (14-22 min). The mean recoveries of three homoisoflavonoids were 99.41%-99.86% (RSD 0.82%-1.05%). The linear response ranges of. 6-aldehydo-3-ophiopogonanone A, methyl ophiopogonanone A and ophiopogonanone A were 0.165-0.990 microg (r = 0.999 9), 0.153-0.918 microg (r = 0.999 9), and 0.270-1.620 microg (r = 0.999 9), respectively. This method was certified to be accurate and reliable and can be used for quality control of O. japonicus.

Simultaneous determination of three homoisoflavonoids in Ophiopogon japonicus by HPLC

Objective To perfect the standard of Poria cocos (Schw.). Methods TLC and HPLC fingerprint were used to identify triterpenoids from P. cocos. The content of pachymic acid and dehydropachymic acid were determined by HPLC. Results Pachymic acid showed a good linear relationship at a range of 1.52 - 7.60 microg/ml, r = 0.9994, the average recovery was 96.90%, RSD = 1.09%. Dehydropachymic acid had a good linear relationship at a range of 0.35 - 1.75 microg/ml, r = 0.9991, the average recovery was 97.86%, RSD = 1.52%. Conclusion The methods are special and accurate, and can be used for the quality control of P. cocos.

Study on Quality Standard of Poria cocos

Objective To study the metabolic chemistry and pharmaco-dynamics characters of ligan from seeds of Arctium lappa. Method HPLC method was used in the study. The analysis was carried out on C18 column. The mobile phase was CH3CN-0.05% H3PO4 (36:64) with flow-rate at 0.6 mL x min(-1) and wave-length of 210 nm. The column temperature was kept at 25 degrees C. Result The results indicated that the ligan was detected in plasma and the main organs 5 min after po. The main metabolic production in plasma was arctigenin. In addition, arctigenin and an unknown product were found in metabolic production in the organs. Conclusion The method was stable,simple and reproducible. It can be used to determine the metabolic product of the ligan. The metabolic chemistry of ligan in plasma was obviously different from that in the main organs.

Shanquan Fu

Papers

Preparation method of lithocarpus polystachyus rehd fermented health drink

Medicine preparation for treating insomnia and preparing method thereof

Simultaneous determination of three homoisoflavonoids in Ophiopogon japonicus by HPLC

Study on Quality Standard of Poria cocos

Dyuamical studies on metabolic chemistry of lignans from seeds of Arctium lappa