[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

https://aasldpubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/hep.31060

Hepatitis C Guidance 2019 Update: American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases–Infectious Diseases Society of America Recommendations for Testing, Managing, and Treating Hepatitis C Virus Infection


 
 Summary
 The epidemics of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003 highlighted both short- and long-range transmission routes, i.e. between infected patients and healthcare workers, and between distant locations. With other infections such as tuberculosis, measles and chickenpox, the concept of aerosol transmission is so well accepted that isolation of such patients is the norm. With current concerns about a possible approaching influenza pandemic, the control of transmission via infectious air has become more important. Therefore, the aim of this review is to describe the factors involved in: (1) the generation of an infectious aerosol, (2) the transmission of infectious droplets or droplet nuclei from this aerosol, and (3) the potential for inhalation of such droplets or droplet nuclei by a susceptible host. On this basis, recommendations are made to improve the control of aerosol-transmitted infections in hospitals as well as in the design and construction of future isolation facilities.
 


Iconographies supplémentaires de l'article : Factors involved in the aerosol transmission of infection and control of ventilation in healthcare premises

Myocardial injury and COVID-19: Possible mechanisms.

Quantification of asymptomatic infections is fundamental for effective public health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Discrepancies regarding the extent of asymptomaticity have arisen from inconsistent terminology as well as conflation of index and secondary cases which biases toward lower asymptomaticity. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and World Health Organization Global Research Database on COVID-19 between January 1, 2020 and April 2, 2021 to identify studies that reported silent infections at the time of testing, whether presymptomatic or asymptomatic. Index cases were removed to minimize representational bias that would result in overestimation of symptomaticity. By analyzing over 350 studies, we estimate that the percentage of infections that never developed clinical symptoms, and thus were truly asymptomatic, was 35.1% (95% CI: 30.7 to 39.9%). At the time of testing, 42.8% (95% prediction interval: 5.2 to 91.1%) of cases exhibited no symptoms, a group comprising both asymptomatic and presymptomatic infections. Asymptomaticity was significantly lower among the elderly, at 19.7% (95% CI: 12.7 to 29.4%) compared with children at 46.7% (95% CI: 32.0 to 62.0%). We also found that cases with comorbidities had significantly lower asymptomaticity compared to cases with no underlying medical conditions. Without proactive policies to detect asymptomatic infections, such as rapid contact tracing, prolonged efforts for pandemic control may be needed even in the presence of vaccination.

https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/118/34/e2109229118.full.pdf

Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Hepatic and gastrointestinal involvement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): What do we know till now?

Introduction
We have assessed the utility of autologous mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) peripheral vein infusion as a possible therapeutic modality for patients with end-stage liver diseases.

/pdf/peripheral-vein-infusion-of-autologous-mesenchymal-stem-5g1qnphgu2.pdf

Peripheral vein infusion of autologous mesenchymal stem cells in Egyptian HCV-positive patients with end-stage liver disease

The worldwide shortage of donor livers has prompted the search for alternative cell therapies Previous data from our laboratory proved a supportive role for stem cell therapy in the treatment of end-stage liver disease patients Therefore; this study was conducted to assess the clinical and biochemical effects of repeated stem cell infusion Ninety patients with liver cirrhosis were randomized to receive either one session treatment (G-I) or two sessions 4 months apart (G-II) of autologous haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) transplantation and a control group (G-III) who received regular liver treatment G-CSF was administered to transplanted patients before infusion; HSCs were isolated from 400 cc bone marrow (BM) aspirate CD34+/CD133+ cells were purified: 50 % of the cells were infused locally in the portal vein on the same day and the other 50 % were differentiated to MSC and infused systemically in a peripheral vein (one session treatment G-I) In G-II, the same process was repeated after 4 months from the first treatment (two session’s treatment G-II) Liver function was monitored for 12 months after stem cell therapy (SCT) Statistically significant improvement was reported in the transplanted patients (G-1) as regards the mean serum albumin, bilirubin and INR levels which started to improve after 2 weeks of treatment and continued to improve till the 6th month in the single infusion group The two sessions infused group (G-II) showed sustained response which continued throughout the all follow-up period (12 month) By the end of the study, 367 % of the patients in G-I and 667 % in G-II showed improvement in the degree of ascites compared to the control group (G-III) We also reported an improvement in the hepatic functional reserve as assessed by the Child-Pugh and MELD score Safety of the procedure was evidenced by the low incidence of complications encountered In patients with end-stage liver disease, the repeated infusion with combined routes portal and peripheral veins has a beneficial effect on liver functions with minimal adverse events and more lasting clinical efficacy after repeated HSCs infusion

/pdf/the-impact-of-repeated-autologous-infusion-of-haematopoietic-3pcczroh1m.pdf

The impact of repeated autologous infusion of haematopoietic stem cells in patients with liver insufficiency

SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers of a gastroenterological service in a tertiary care facility.

Chronic HCV infection has emerged as a complex multifaceted disease with manifestations extending beyond the liver. HCV plays a direct role in glucose metabolism leading to both insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. To evaluate the changes in the glycemic state following Sofosbuvir-based treatment regimens in diabetic HCV patients. Four hundred chronic hepatitis C patients who underwent Sofosbuvir-based treatment regimens were retrospectively screened. Sixty-five diabetic HCV patients only enrolled in our analysis. Baseline demographic and laboratory data were recorded. Pretreatment Transient elastography was performed. At 24-week post EOT (SVR24), Fasting Plasma glucose, and Hemoglobin A1c were re-evaluated and compared with baseline. All enrolled diabetic patients were responders. They showed statistically significant decline in Fasting Plasma glucose and Hemoglobin A1c values at SVR24. Whatever the degree of hepatic fibrosis, the level of Fasting Plasma glucose and Hemoglobin A1c decreased at SVR24 in comparison to baseline level. Fifty-one patients showed improvement in their Hemoglobin A1c values at SVR24 and this improvement was more likely to occur among patients with low Body mass index. The reduction in Fasting Plasma glucose >20 mg/dL (>1.1 mmol/L) and Hemoglobin A1c ≥0.5% was not associated with age, gender or hepatic fibrosis stage. Sofosbuvir-based regimens are a highly efficient antiviral therapy for diabetic chronic HCV patients resulted in improvement in Fasting Plasma glucose and Hemoglobin A1c.

Sherief Musa

Papers

Hepatic and gastrointestinal involvement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): What do we know till now?

Peripheral vein infusion of autologous mesenchymal stem cells in Egyptian HCV-positive patients with end-stage liver disease

The impact of repeated autologous infusion of haematopoietic stem cells in patients with liver insufficiency

SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers of a gastroenterological service in a tertiary care facility.

Improvement of glycemic state among responders to Sofosbuvir-based treatment regimens: Single center experience.